利用模式語言表達獨立紀錄片製作之隱性知識研究

Externalizing Tacit Knowledge in Independent Documentary Film Production Via Pattern Language

阮明淑(Ming-Shu Yuan)

《圖書資訊學刊》 6卷1&2期 (2008/12) Pp. 57-82

https://doi.org/10.6182/jlis.2008.6(1.2).057

摘要

近年來，台灣紀錄片成果日漸豐碩，但不同於國外商業紀錄片的大型製作規模，台灣獨立紀錄片工作者因缺乏創作資金，以致於每位工作者幾乎都擁有一整套紀錄片製作流程知識；但是這些知識隱藏在工作者的腦中，因而難以被表達、分享及傳播。如果能將這些極具價值的隱性知識萃取出，並系統化表達，再提供對此領域興趣者參考，應有助於知識之傳播與應用。本研究探討台灣紀錄片工作者之隱性知識，以紀錄片製作流程為基礎，深度訪談12位獨立紀錄片工作者，並以「IF-THEN-BECAUSE」編碼方式作為辨識隱性知識的框架，合計辨識出20種獨立紀錄片製作之隱性知識；本研究嘗試利用「模式語言」(pattern languages)的概念表達隱性知識，將文獻歸納出的獨立紀錄片製作之五大知識分類：「素材」、「觀點」、「拍攝」、「剪輯」、「發行及其他」作為模式語言的核心架構，再結合以「IF-THEN-BECAUSE」之形式呈現隱性知識，形成一個獨立紀錄片製作模式語言表達。利用模式語言結合「IF-THENBECAUSE」方式編碼同時呈現知識萃取結果，有利於辨識受訪者隱性知識使用的情境，進而利於隱性知識之萃取，而結果以系統化呈現表達整體知識架構及使用情境，也便於讀者確實理解隱性知識，新手得以迅速掌握技巧。本研究萃取出之隱性知識可供對紀錄片有興趣者應用，而將隱性知識萃取並系統化表達的方式，亦可供知識管理相關領域參考。

關鍵字

紀錄片 ； 獨立紀錄片工作者 ； 隱性知識 ； 模式語言

並列摘要

Recently, Taiwan locally made documentary has been received high regards at international movie festivals and by domestic reviewers. The independent documentary producers in Taiwan are different from the commercial documentary producers in other countries. Since these producers in Taiwan don't have enough funds to have a big production team, they have to possess whole knowledge in documentary production. The knowledge is hidden in the producers' mind which is difficult to express, share, and disseminate. It will be helpful for the dissemination and application of the knowledge, if we can extract the valued tacit knowledge and express it systematically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the types and characteristics of tacit knowledge from 12 independent documentary producers through the in-depth interview based on the process of the documentary production in Taiwan. An ”IF-THEN-BECAUSE” framework of coding was used to identify the tacit knowledge, and twenty types of tacit knowledge were identified by the study. This study uses the concepts of pattern languages to express the tacit knowledge through ”material”, ”viewpoint”, ”production”, ”post-production” and ”distribution and miscellaneous” classified from the literature, and integrate with the coding framework of ”IF-THEN-BECAUSE” to display the tacit knowledge and to form the pattern language of independent documentary production. The study finds out that to utilize ”IF-THEN-BECAUSE” as a coding framework and expression the outcome of knowledge extraction helps interviewer to identify tacit knowledge context of interviewee how they using the knowledge. This process is also good for tacit knowledge extraction. The outcome of tacit knowledge extraction can systematically display the whole knowledge structure and context of documentary film-producing process. It is helpful for readers to have a comprehensive tacit knowledge that enables novice take advantages of skills quickly. The extracted tacit knowledge from the study provides valuable reference for those who are interested in documentary film-producing. The ways of systematic expression of the tacit knowledge of the study provides concrete domain of knowledge management and a base for further studies.

並列關鍵字

Documentary ； Independent documentary film-producer ； Tacit knowledge ； Pattern languages

參考文獻

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