土地開發過程中自我組織特性之探討：經濟財產權、賽局理論及電腦模擬分析

在過去以複雜科學為基礎的都市研究上，已注意到都市空間結構的複雜性以及不同層次複雜系統的規律與其間的互動關係，如冪次定律、自我組織、小世界網絡等，本研究便聚焦於探討個體的土地開發行為到總體都市空間結構之自我組織特性，首先在個體層次的探討階段，本文將空間型態中的兩種個體（土地所有權人與開發者）進行土地交易時會有經濟財產權（economic property rights）操弄的行為模式，以經濟學中賽局的方式呈現，其次在個體與總體之間互動的探討階段，本研究嘗試以電腦模擬實驗進行分析，來觀察眾多的個體在空間中不斷互動及影響擴散的過程中，是否會產生一個趨向動態平衡的狀態。模擬結果發現空間中土地交易結束後的不同經濟財產權的釋出經個體互動後會突現一固定比例的型態，類似混沌系統的吸子，因此我們認為土地開發具有一定且獨特的自我組織特性，並進而提出都市規劃原則的建議。

關鍵字

自我組織；經濟財產權；土地開發；複雜科學；賽局分析

並列摘要

In the past, urban research based on complexity science has noticed the complexity of urban spatial structure and the interaction between the laws and relationships at different levels of hierarchies in complex systems, such as power law, self-organization, small world network, etc. This study focuses on the self-organization characteristics of individual land development behaviors in relation to the overall urban spatial structure. Firstly, at the level of individual agents, this research presents the behavioral patterns based on game theory that manipulate economic property rights when two types of agents in space (landowners and developers) conduct land transactions. Secondly, focusing on the interaction between the individual agents and the overall system, this research attempts to analyze it with computer simulation experiments to observe whether a large number of agents will produce a state of dynamic equilibrium derived from the process of continuous interaction and propagation in space. The simulation results show that the dissipation of different economic property rights after land transactions in the space will emerge into a fixed proportion caused by agents' interaction, similar to the attractor of chaotic systems. Therefore, we believe that land development has a definite and unique self-organization characteristic, and then put forward the implications for urban planning.