Primary and secondary education are the bases of educational development. They should not be ignored while emphasizing the development of higher education in Taiwan. In recent years, there were many innovative ways to improve primary and secondary education. However, we still need to face the predicaments in terms of the development of primary and secondary education. This paper focused on the lack of specialization and systematization in order to analyze the predicaments of the development of primary and secondary education. Moreover, several recommendations to overcome the predicaments were proposed.