中國大陸高校校辦產業對我國高等教育之啟示

本研究旨在探討中國大陸高校校辦產業，透過文獻整理，從教育市場化之緣起，進而以中國大陸高校校辦產業發展為借鏡，闡述我國高等教育發展校辦產業之原則。中國大陸高校校辦產業追溯至1950年左右興起的學校工廠等，並於1978年改革開放以後蓬勃發展，直至今日如北京北大方正集團公司，清華控股有限公司等知名企業，幾乎各校皆有校辦產業，功能在於促進產學研合作，且對於學校經費甚有助益，然因發展過於匆促而引發如校企不分、產銷等弊病，近年來中國政府陸續提出相關規定以促進高校校辦產業之體制規範化。我國高等教育校辦產業也正在起步之階段，相關法規與制度也在建置當中。最後建議我國高等教育發展校辦產業之原則為整體發展完善化、校辦產業法制化、目標導向市場化、經營管理專業化、產學合作最大化，期許以上原則能對於我國高等教育發展有些助益。

關鍵字

校辦產業；教育市場化；高等教育

並列摘要

This research investigates the university-run industries in China. Through reviewing literatures, and origins of marketization of education, the development of university-run industries in China is adopted as a mirror for higher education in Taiwan. And then this research suggests some guidelines for developing university-run industries in Taiwan. The university-run industries in China could be traced back to school factories in 1950's. They have been flourished since the reform and open up policy in China in 1978. Until now, almost every university owns its industries, such as Peking University Founder Group Corporation and Tsinghua Holdings Corporation. The university-run industries function as promoting collaboration between industries and schools, and as raising university fund. However, developments were too fast such that numerous problems have emerged in university-run industries, e.g. Vague distinction between school and its industries, production and marketing problems, etc. In recent years the Chinese government has proposed some regulations in this regard to normalize university-run industries. The university-run industries in Taiwan are still in start-up phase, and the laws and systems are developing. Finally, this research suggests five guidelines for developing university-run industries in Taiwan as follows: 1) to perfect overall development, 2) to legalize university-run industries, 3) to adopt goal oriented to marketing, 4) to professionalize management, 5) to maximize cooperation between industries and schools.