摘要
在知識經濟時代，大學除具知識生產、傳播功能外，也背負著促進國家技術開發及產業升級之使命，因此大學衍生企業或校辦產業應運而生。本研究旨在探討中國大陸高校校辦產業之發展、困境、因應措施與成效。首先透過文件分析法整理與分析高等教育職能的轉變與中國大陸高校校辦產業發展情形等資料，並據以編製訪談大綱，再以深度訪談法蒐集6位服務於中國大陸「雙一流」大學及中央研究機構學者專家對校辦產業之相關看法，以建構中國大陸高校校辦產業完整樣貌。最後，綜合文獻探討及深度訪談資料，歸納整理出以下結論： 一、中國大陸高校校辦產業之形成背景與發展 （一）因應高校辦學經費之不足而興起 （二）發展過程歷經三階段 （三）教師參與校辦產業程度不一 二、中國大陸高校校辦產業所面臨之困境 （一）校企不分與國家資源分配不均 （二）整體發展規劃與配套措施不全 （三）學生實習功能不彰 三、中國大陸政府因應高校校辦產業困境所採取之措施與成效 （一）高校與校辦產業脫鉤，高校回歸教學研究軌道 （二）各高校校辦產業改制成效不一，舊有問題仍存在 （三）高校校辦產業對學校之經費回饋功能弱化 （四）臺灣大專校院衍生企業宜有其特色及適宜環境 最後，根據上述研究結論提出具體建議，提供臺灣有關行政機關、臺灣大專校院、大專校院衍生企業及未來研究者等四方面作為參考。
並列摘要
In the knowledge-based economy era, aside from fostering and propagating knowledge, universities bear the role of advancing a nation’s technological development as well as the mission of improving its industries, hence, the emersion of university spin-off companies and university-run industries. This research investigates the development of China’s university-run industries, its predicaments and, adaptive measures and effects. First reviewed the account regarding the changing role of higher education, university spin-off companies, the Chinese university-run industries’ developmental history, and created an outline for the interview; followed by a compilation of interview excerpts, a collection of six in-depth interviews of individuals who are employed by China’s "Double First-rate" universities, as well as the opinions of the Central research organization’s researchers on university-run industries. Lastly, the literature review and in-depth interview conclusions can be summarized by the following points: 1. Background and development of Chinese university-run industries: (1) University budget shortages led to the emersion of university-run industries. (2) The three stages of the developmental process experience. (3) The varied extent of teachers participating in university-run industries. 2. Challenges that Chinese university-run industries encounter: (1) The inseparability of universities and industries and national resource distribution inequality. (2) Inadequate holistic development planning and supporting measures. (3) The ineffective role of internships. 3. China’s selected and implemented adaptive measures and its effects to related issues: (1) Following the partition between universities and university-run industries, universities have resumed the role of education and research. (2) The effectiveness of various university-run industries’ reforms are uncertain, therefore long-term issues still persist. (3) The university-run industry’s remittance toward universities has weakened. (4) Taiwanese universities launched spin-off companies should have own features and a suitable environment. Lastly, in accordance to the stated research conclusions’ proposed recommendations, offering these results as reference for the relevant Taiwanese administrative agencies, Taiwanese universities, university spin-off companies, and future researchers.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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