教師法「教學不力或不能勝任工作」之判斷餘地與司法審查

The Room of Administrative Discretion and the Level of Scrutiny Concerning Judicial Review of Teachers' Act reads ＂Not Fulfilling a Teacher's Duties, or being Incompetent to Teach＂

林建宇(Chien-Yu Lin)

《學校行政》 113期 (2018/01) Pp. 139-152

https://doi.org/10.3966/160683002018010113009

摘要

立法者使用不確定法律概念，即在授權行政機關於一定空間內，本於專業做出適當評價與決定。教師法第14條第1項第14款明定「教學不力或不能勝任工作有具體事實；或違反聘約情節重大者」，衍生教師解聘、停聘或不續聘之法律效果，形成以不確定法律概念限制個人工作自由。本文參照大法官釋字第553號、702號解釋文之意旨，以及最高行政法院104年度判字第27號判決，辨明判斷餘地及司法審查密度，針對以不確定法律概念限制教師工作權或職業選擇自由，司法機關仍應享有審查空間。依據解釋文之意旨，行政機關就不確定法律概念應加以具體化，在現行負面表列情形下，可參酌教育部所定之「中華民國教師專業標準指引」，作為教師專業標準之依據，並且從正當行政程序出發，提出調查小組成員專業化以及當事人民主參與等建議，提供學校處理此類個案之參考。

關鍵字

教師法第14條 ； 不確定法律概念 ； 判斷餘地 ； 司法審查

並列摘要

Lawmakers use indefinite concepts of law, namely, the conferring of the rights to administrations to make proper evaluation and decision. Article 14 of Teachers' Act reads ＂Specific instances of their not fulfilling a teacher's duties, or being incompetent to teach; or violating their employment contract in a way which constitutes a serious offence,＂ which can result in a teacher's being dismissed, suspended, or denied renewed employment. This decision limits an individual's work freedom. With references to J.Y. Interpretation NO.553 and No. 702, and NO. 27 of 2015 by the Supreme Administrative Court, this paper first demarcates the room of administrative discretion and the level of scrutiny concerning judicial review. Then, the paper contends that judiciary should have room for review. With negative listings being the current norm, it is suggested that ＂Guidelines for the professional standards for teachers in R.O.C.＂ published by the Ministry of Education can be used as a reference for teachers' professional standards. Besides, based on the due process of administration, suggestions such as the professionalization of investigation team members and the litigant's democratic participation can serve as references for schools to deal with such cases.

並列關鍵字

Article 14 of Teachers' Act ； indefinite concepts of law ； room of discretion ； judicial review

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