175個國家的教育年數、預期壽命對國民所得影響之二十年縱貫分析

本研究從聯合國開發署統計報告書（2022）蒐集2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年的175個國家的教育年數與預期壽命對國民所得貢獻的分析，獲得結論如下：這五年的教育年數與預期壽命對國民所得有正向顯著影響，代表延長教育年數及提高預期壽命之後，國民所得增加。在2000年每增加教育年數一年可以提高11.2%的國民所得；2020年提升至16.6%，而每增加預期壽命一歲可以將7.4%的國民所得提高為7.7%。教育年數對國民所得貢獻為預期壽命的一倍以上。2000年175國家的教育年數與預期壽命下，臺灣國民所得應有26,346美元，但實際僅有14,908美元，少了各國平均水準11,438美元，2020年的教育年數及預期壽命下，也少了10,685美元。本研究特色在於發現，175個國家的教育年數對於國民所得重要性比預期壽命的貢獻大一倍，但臺灣的人力資本無法符應經濟發展水準。針對結果討論，提出具體建議。

關鍵字

教育年數；預期壽命；國民所得

並列摘要

This study collected the analysis of the contribution of years of education and life expectancy to national income in 175 countries in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 respectively, from the statistical reports of the United Nations Development Program (2022). The conclusions were as follows: The number of years of education and life expectancy had a positive and significant impact on national income, which meant that after extending the number of years of education and increasing life expectancy, national income will increase. In 2000, increasing the number of years of education by one year can increase national income by 11.2%; by 2020, it will increase to 16.6%, and increasing life expectancy by one year can increase national income by 7.4% to 7.7%. The contribution of years of education to national income was more than double that of life expectancy. Based on years of education and life expectancy in 175 countries in 2000, Taiwan's national income should have been US$26,346, but it was actually only US$14,908, which was US$11,438 less than the national average. In 2020, the number of years of education and life expectancy was also less $10,685. The feature of this study was that the number of years of education in 175 countries contributes twice as much to national income as life expectancy, but Taiwan's human capital cannot match the level of economic development. Based on the results and discussion of this study, some specific recommendations are provided.

並列關鍵字

life expectancy ； national income ； years of education

參考文獻

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