新化林場地景變遷之探討

A Case Study on Landscape Change of Shinhua Forest Experimental Station

張鈞媛(Jun-Yuan Chang) ； 馮豐隆(Fong-Long Feng)

《林業研究季刊》 30卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 69-81

https://doi.org/10.29898/SHBQ.200806.0006

摘要

本研究爲瞭解新化林場1993-2002年土地利用型之地景變遷情況，將1993與2002年之土地利用型以FRAGSTATS程式分別計算一般性面積指標、形狀性指標及地景多樣性指標之地景結構指數，比較造林地在1993年及2002年的土地利用類型的地景變遷情形。研究結果顯示，相思樹純林面積比例由7.37%減少爲0.71%及大葉桃花心木一相思樹混淆林面積比例由14.64%減少爲0.36%；龍眼純林面積比例由6.56%減少爲0.92%，及大葉桃花心木－龍眼混淆林面積比例由0.77%增加爲7.47%；竹林面積比例由26.18%減少爲13.11%，及大葉桃花心木－竹混淆林面積比例由0.24%增加爲6.97%；大葉桃花心木純林爲64.3ha，佔林場範圍505ha的12.73%，而大葉桃花心木之混淆林爲167.76ha佔33.22%。在形狀指數方面，大葉桃花心木由1.69增加爲1.90，大葉桃花心木－柚木混淆林由1.71增加爲1.83，大葉桃花心木－竹混淆林由0.62增加爲0.94，以及大葉桃花心木－相思樹混淆林由2.21增加爲2.33，顯示了與桃花心木有關的林型有擴展趨勢。由地景多樣性指標顯著的增加，地景指標Shannon's多樣性指數由2.19增加爲2.81以及修正Simpson's多樣性指數由2.77增加爲3.29，說明樹種組成在2002年較1993年的地景更多樣。竹類、柚木、相思樹等純林漸爲與大葉桃花心木之混淆林所取代，說明大葉桃花心木可以與其他樹種一起生長良好，因此大葉桃花心木非常適合在新化林場更新生長。

關鍵字

地景變遷 ； 地景結構指數 ； 新化林場 ； 大葉桃花心木 ； 土地利用型

並列摘要

This study concerned about the landscape change of land-use in Shinhua. Forest Experimental Station in the year of 1993-2002. FRAGSTATS formula was used to analyze landscape structure index of land-use map in year 1993 and year 2002. We selected landscape index such as the general area index, the shape index and the landscape diversity index and landscape changes were discussed. The results showed that the Acacia confusa decreased for the percent of pure Acacia confusa forest and Swietenia macrophylla-Acacia confusa mixed forest was decreased from 7.37% to 0.71% and from 14.64% to 0.36%. The percent of pure Dimocarpus longan forest was decreased from 6.56% to 0.92% and Swietenia macrophytia-Dimocarpus longan mixed forest was increased from 0.77% to 7.47%. The percent of Bamboo pure forest was decreased from 26.18% to 13.11%, and Swietenia maccophylla-Bamboo mixed forest was increased from 0.24% to 6.97%. There is 64.3 ha (12.73%) of Shinhua Forest Experimental Station was occupied by pure forest Swietenia maccophylla, and 167.76ha (33.22%) occupied by Swietenia macrophylla mixed forest landscape area on. From the results, we found that the 1993-2002 change of mean shape index (MSI) different forest type in Shinhua. as following: The pure forest of Swietenia macrophylla was increased from 1.69 to 1.90, Swietenia maccophylla-Tectona grandis mixed forest increased from 1.71 to 1.83, Swietenia maccophylla-Bamboo mixed forest increased from 0.62 to 0.94 and Swietenia macrophylla-Acacia confusa mixed forest increased from 2.21 to 2.33. The results showed Swietenia macrophylla related mixed forest types have expanded. The information revealed the increasing tendency of Swietenia macrophylla by the landscape diversity index. We could explain the forest types were more diverse in year 2002 than year 1993. The results of Shannon's diversity index (SHDI) change from 2.19 to 2.81 and modified Simpson's diversity index (MSIDI) increased from 2.77 to 3.29. It's showed that the Swietenia macrophylla be adaptive to regenerate and grow in that area. Swietenia macrophylla is growing well. Because the pure forests of bamboo, Tectona grandis and Acacia confusa were substituted by Swietenia maccophylla mixed forests.

並列關鍵字

Landscape change ； Landscape structure index ； Shinhua. Forest Experimental Station ； Swietenia macrophylla ； Land-use