襌宗公案中的人文主義精神

The Humanistic Spirit in Zen Buddhism

蕭麗華(Li-Hua Hsiao)

《佛學與科學》 11卷2期 (2010/08) Pp. 67-79

https://doi.org/10.30162/BS.201008.0006

摘要

西方自十四世紀以來不斷提出人文主義觀點，所指的乃是一種以人或人類文化爲中心的世界觀，其有別於以神爲中心的神學世界觀，或是以物爲中心的科學世界觀。而大乘佛教的禪宗其中心思想也是強調以人爲中心，重視人人皆能成佛，佛心乃人人本具，肯定人存在的價值與尊嚴，並重視個人思想的自由，而這些層面皆與西方人文主義精神相似。由於公案故事中透過對話、動作等故事來說明禪師如何傳法，從以「人」爲成佛的核心價值來說，頗能增補西方人文主義的內涵。因此，本文主要從禪宗公案中，觀察禪法如何幫助眾生尋找自心、自性，進而達到利己利他的過程。全文分從「從禪宗公案中以人爲中心的思想」、「禪宗公案的批判性思惟」和「禪宗公案中的自由精神」等三個面向，舉例論證禪宗與西方人人主義相應或不同處。從而肯定東方宗教思惟的獨特價值，特別在活潑自由的人心啟發上，可以補充西方人文主義之不足。

關鍵字

人文主義 ； 禪宗 ； 公案 ； 佛教 ； 人本

並列摘要

Humanism is a philosophy and worldview originated in Europe since the fourteenth century. It mainly concerns the advancement of humanity in contrast to the theocentric worldview of theology and the material-centered worldview of science.
Just like the case in Humanism, humanity remains the ma in focus in Zen Buddhism, which claims that since all sentient beings have Buddha nature, everyone can achieve Buddhahood. This paper intends to reveal the humanistic spirit in Buddhism by studying the Mahayana koans (or public propositions) and to show that same as Humanism, Zen teaching emphasizes humanity and heart to relieve all constraints on the human mind.
From the three facets of the human-centered thought, the critical thinking, and the spirit of freedom in Zen koans, this paper examines the similarities and differences between Western Humanism and Zen Buddhism. It further proposes that the unique values in Zen teaching, in particular the enlightenment of the human mind, helps complement what Humanism lacks.

並列關鍵字

Humanistic Spirit ； Zen Buddhism ； Critical Thinking ； Freedom