- 期刊
Dengue Vector Control: Present Status and Future Prospects
登革熱病媒防治：現況及展望
摘要
自1950年代以來，登革熱及出血性登革熱是東南亞都市內最常見的傳染病。最近，這種傳染病已遠播至中南美洲，迄今已被公認是世界性的傳染病。在東南亞地區，埃及斑蚊及白線斑蚊都傳播登革熱及出血性登革熱。本篇報告主要是以馬來西亞之經驗爲例，討論斑蚊防治之現況及未來之展望。病媒防治包含了生源清除及環境管理，殺幼蟲劑（合成殺蟲劑，昆蟲生長調節劑及微生物殺蟲劑），長期防治用的殺成蟲劑及個人防護劑（家用殺蟲劑及忌避劑），短期緊急防止流行病的空間噴灑劑（熱煙霧劑及超低容量劑）。昆蟲生長調節劑，蘇力菌以色列品系，及有機磷殺幼蟲劑亞培松等綜合討論。使用水性空間噴灑劑較使用油性劑的優點，施用同時殺成蟲及幼蟲的“雙殺”的噴灑劑型在整體防治病媒及登革熱／出血性登革熱，亦予以強調。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have been the most common urban diseases in Southeast Asia since the 1950s, More recently, the diseases have spread to Central and South America and are now considered as worldwide diseases Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are involved in the transmission of DF/DHF in Southeast Asian region. The paper discusses the present status and future prospects of Aedes control with reference to the Malaysian experience. Vector control approaches which include source reduction and environmental management, larviciding with the use of chemicals (synthetic insecticides and Bisect growth regulators and microbial insecticide), and adulticiding which include personal protection measures (household insecticide products and repellents) for long-term control and space spray (both thermal fogging and ultra low volume sprays) as short-term epidemic measures are discussed. The potential incorporation of IGRs and Bacillus thuringiensis-14 (Bri) as larvicides in addition to insecticides (temephos) is discussed. The advantages of using water-based spray over the oil-based (diesel) spray and the use of spray formulation which provide both larvicidal and adulticidal effects that would consequently have greater impact on the overall vector and disease control in DF/DHF are highlighted.