Ecology and Control of Dengue Vector Mosquitoes in Taiwan

台灣地區登革熱病媒蚊生態及防治

陳永仁(Yeong-Ren Chen) ； 黃基森(Ji-Sen Hwang) ； 郭怡君(Yi-Jun Guo)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 10卷12_S期 (1994/12) Pp. 78-87

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199412.0078

摘要

台灣地區近年來社會變遷迅速，都市化、工商業化及生活習慣改變結果，輕便材質容器大幅增加，又因部份地區水資源分配不足，在沿海地區民眾有儲水習慣，均提供了斑蚊良好孳生環境；加上交通旅遊頻繁，造成登革熱有機會從其他流行地區傳入國內造成流行。一九八八年以來調查顯示，登革熱主要發生於埃及斑蚊爲優勢種之都市及沿海鄉村地區，而以埃及斑蚊爲主要傳播媒介。經由調查結果得知，斑蚊孳生容器種類異於往昔，就斑蚊孳生容器種類用途分類，在登革熱流行之都市化地區以裝飾容器最高，佔38.8%，其次爲儲水容器30.1%，再次依序爲廢器容器25.4%、盛器3.3%、積水地下室2.2%、天然容器0.2%。在登革熱流行地區之積水地下室、大到儲水容器及空地上之廢棄物，成爲登革熱病媒最重要且困難處理之孳生場所。廢棄物方面，經由立法建立廢容器回收管理體系並辦理孳生源清除，同時輔以施放亞培松砂粒劑；儲水方面，釋放食蚊魚及改善飲用水供應系統等治本綜合防治後，一九八八年埃及斑蚊幼蟲密度一級、二～五級及六（含以上）級分別佔38.7%、42.9%及18.4%，而至一九九三年幼蟲密度大幅下降，分別佔90.8%、9.2%及0%、使登革熱病例也自一九八九年以來下降98%，並在一九九○及一九九三年未再出現本土性登革熱病例。登革熱的防治最根本的方法就是採取綜合防治法，並加強廢棄物清理與飲用水管理。

並列摘要

Due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and social changes in recent years, the use of packing materials and tires has dramatically increased in the Taiwan area. What is more is that some parts of southern Taiwan are short of water resources and water preservation with huge containers becomes part of custom in those areas. Storage water containers, waste vessels and tires are good habitats for Aedes. Meanwhile, some persons traveling to dengue endemic countries bring the dengue disease back to Taiwan. Surveys taken since 1988 show that dengue occurs mainly in the urban and coastal areas where Aedes aegypti is prevalent. This species is the most important, if not the only, vector of dengue in Taiwan. It appears that the types of Aedes breeding have changed quickly. In dengue fever epidemic areas, the most popular breeding sites are ornamental containers (38.8%), storage water containers (30.1%), discarded containers (25.4%), receptacles (3.3%) and water collection in the basement (2.2%).
In dengue fever epidemic areas, those building basements, huge water Containers, waste vessels and waste tires in open fields are most difficult to clean up and manage and become the most popular 4cc/es habitats. We established a waste recycling system and promoted a breeding site reduction campaign for waste management, including the application of Temephos in containers to kill larvae. For the drinking water management, fish were released in water containers to prevent larval breeding.
It should be mentioned that with the integrated pest control and regular inspections of Aedes larvae in Taiwan the density figures 1, 2-5, and 6 or above for Aedes aegypti were 38.7%, 42.9%, and 18.4%, respectively, in 1988, and in 1993 were 90.8%, 9.2% and 0%. The incidence of dengue fever caves has 98% decreased since 1988. In 1990 and 1993, there was no indigenous cases. We have concluded that integrated pest control is the best and most effective method for dengue fever control, including solid waste and drinking water management.

並列關鍵字

Dengue fever ； Aedes aegypti ； Aedes albopictus