A Longitudinal Study of Nausea and Vomiting, Fatigue and Perceived Stress in, and Social Support for, Pregnant Women through the Three Trimesters

噁心嘔吐、疲憊、壓力知覺及社會支持雖已有良好的橫斷性研究發表，但少有以縱貫性研究探討這些變項於整個孕期的型態變化與關係。本研究目的旨在探討噁心嘔吐、疲憊、壓力知覺及社會支持於婦女懷孕三個孕期的型態變化與其相關性；採前瞻性、縱貫性研究設計；於2003至2005年以噁心嘔吐及乾嘔量表、疲憊視覺量表、壓力知覺量表及簡易社會支持量表進行資料的收集。於南台灣的產前門診共收集完成91位孕婦之三孕期的資料；單因子變異數分析顯示，三個孕期的噁心嘔吐及乾嘔量表與痕憊得分達顯著性差異；事後比較分析發現，第一孕期的噁心嘔吐明顯高於第二和第三孕期；第一和第三孕期的疲憊顯著高於第二孕期；混合模式分析顯示，三個孕期的噁心嘔吐及乾嘔量表得分變化和孕次、計畫懷孕及年齡無關；第一和第二孕期的疲憊得分變化和孕次、計畫懷孕及年齡亦無關，但和噁心嘔吐呈正相關；壓力和噁心嘔吐為正相關；當進一步比較上述研究變項的關係時，發現壓力和疲憊為正相關，和社會支持為負相關，但和噁心嘔吐之相關性則未達顯著性差異。本研究結果對於噁心嘔吐、疲憊、壓力知覺及社會支持於婦女懷孕三個孕期的型態變化與其相關性，提供進一步的實證資料與了解，有助於健康專業人員依據懷孕的不同階段提供更有效且適當的貝載護策略。

關鍵字

疲憊；噁心嘔吐；懷孕；社會支持；壓力

並列摘要

Nausea and vomiting (NV), fatigue, stress and social support during pregnancy have been well documented using cross-sectional research designs. However, few studies have addressed the patterns and relationships for these variables using a longitudinal research design. The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of and relationships among NV, fatigue, perceived stress, and social support in pregnant women throughout the three trimesters. A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Data were collected on four different measures: the Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR), the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Brief Social Support Questionnaire (BSSQ). A total of 91 pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in southern Taiwan. One-way ANOVA indicated that INVR scores and fatigue were significantly different among the three trimesters, but that perceived stress and social support were not. Post hoc analyses, using least significant difference testing, indicated that the first trimester was associated with significantly higher levels of NV than were the second and third trimesters. The first and third trimesters had significantly higher fatigue levels than did the second trimester. Mixed models indicated that the differences among INVR scores among the three trimesters were independent of gravidity, planned pregnancy and age. The difference in fatigue between the first and second trimesters was independent of gravidity, planned pregnancy and age, but fatigue was positively associated with NV. Perceived stress was positively correlated with NV. However, when further examining the relationships among the key variables by adding fatigue, perceived stress was found to positively correlate with fatigue and not NV, and negatively correlated with social support. The findings of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding and evidence-based data of the patterns of and relationships among the above four key variables for pregnant women throughout the three trimesters. This will help health care professionals to provide more effective and appropriate care strategies based on the different stages of pregnancy.

並列關鍵字

fatigue ； nausea and vomiting ； pregnancy ； social support ； stress

國際替代計量

A Longitudinal Study of Nausea and Vomiting, Fatigue and Perceived Stress in, and Social Support for, Pregnant Women through the Three Trimesters

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