在目前醫療市場競爭日益激烈的情形下,醫院管理階層唯有瞭解並提昇其員工的顧客導向行為,改善醫護及行政人員與病患間的互動關係,其提供的醫療服務之品質才可能提昇,方能協助醫院建立其競爭優勢。本研究之目的即以醫院全體員工為研究對象,來探討其顧客導向行為之相關因素。研究母群體為臺北市某私立區域教學醫院與某市立醫院之醫師、護理人員、其他醫事人員、及行政人員等四類員工,共計2,037人(民國92年5月的在職員工人數)。研究人員於民國92年5月至6月期間,以結構式問卷採普查方式進行調查,回收之有效問卷數共計797份,回收率則為39.13%。本研究的應變項為醫院員工的顧客導向行為,自變項則包含內部行銷(包括激勵授權及教育訓練)、組織承諾(包含情感性承諾、規範性承諾、及持續性承諾)、工作滿意度(包含內在滿意度及外在滿意度)、及員工的基本特質(包含年齡、性別、及服務部門等)。研究結果顯示:(1)就內部行銷此構面中的教育訓練而言,教育訓練越完善的醫院,其員工的顧客導向行為程度卻越低。(2)在組織承諾方面,員工的情感性承諾或規範性承諾越高,其顧客導向行為程度也越高;然而持續性承諾越高的員工,其顧客導向行為程度卻越低。(3)在工作滿意度方面,員工的內在滿意度越高,則其顧客導向行為程度也越高;但員工的外在滿意度越高,其顧客導向行為程度卻越低。(4)相較於女性員工而言,男性員工有較低程度的顧客導向行為。(5)年齡愈大的員工,其顧客導向行為程度越高。(6)相較於專科學歷的員工而言,研究所學歷的員工有較高程度的顧客導向行為,而高中職學歷的員工則有較低程度的顧客導向行為。此實證結果顯示,組織承諾、工作滿意度、內部行銷、及員工的基本特質等變項爲員工的顧客導向行爲之相關因素。本研究的結果可提供給醫院經營管理階層,以作爲其人力資源管理上的參考。
This study aimed to explore the associated factors of hospital employees' customer-oriented behavior. The study population included employees from one private regional teaching hospital and one municipal hospital in Taipei City. Structured questionnaires were sent to physicians, nurses, other medical staff, and administrative staff at the study hospitals, 2037 in total. A total of 797 questionnaires were returned, with an overall response rate of 39.13%. For the study, the dependent variable was hospital employees' customer-oriented behavior, and the independent variables were internal marketing (which included encouraging and authorization as well as employee-training programs), organizational commitment (which was composed of three dimensions including affective, normative, and continual commitments), job satisfaction (which included internal and external satisfactions), and characteristics of employees. The results indicated that: (1) there was a negative relation between hospitals' employee-training programs and employees' customer-oriented behavior; (2) employees' affective and continual commitment had positive effects on their customer-oriented behavior; (3) employees who had higher internal satisfaction presented better customer-oriented behavior; (4) compared to females, male employees had worse customer-oriented behavior; (5) the older the respondents were, the better their customer-oriented behavior were; and (6) educational achievements exerted significantly impacts on customer-oriented behavior. With this understanding, hospital administrators can design a better human resource management program that will produce more productive employees.