「老人靈性健康量表」之編製與驗證

The Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Spiritual Health Scale for the Elderly in Taiwan

李孟芬(Meng-Fan Li) ； 石泱(Yang Shih)

《測驗學刊》 68卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 233-261

摘要

靈性健康是健康的一部分，亦是整合其他健康構面的基石。本研究旨在發展適合我國社會文化背景，針對社區老人的靈性健康量表。此「老人靈性健康量表」包括個人幸福、社群幸福、環境幸福、超然幸福四個分量表。預試以大臺北地區社區老人活動的據點進行現場隨機訪問，共取得391份有效問卷，經由項目分析、探索性因素分析及信度分析後，形成正式量表共12題。正式施測以臺北市65歲以上社區老人為對象進行分層隨機抽樣，共取得有效樣本350份。總量表Cronbach's α係數為.941，各分量表介於.827～.921，顯示具良好信度。建構效度SEM模式的整體適配指標均達標準，顯示整體模式適配情形理想。本研究以自覺目前「人生滿意度」和「主觀幸福量表」為效標，相關係數分別為.672、.395，皆達顯著正相關。在背景變項部分，不同性別和不同年齡群組老人在靈性健康各構面上無顯著差異，顯示本量表適用於65歲以上社區老人。總結本研究發展之「老人靈性健康量表」有良好的信、效度，可協助專業人員評估老人健康時，更進一步認識社區老人的靈性健康狀況，亦可供後續研究者依此量表架構進行相關研究。

關鍵字

老人 ； 靈性健康 ； 量表發展

並列摘要

Spiritual health is a part of health and also the cornerstone of integrating other health dimensions. In this study, a set of the spiritual health scale for the community elderly were developed, which took the social and cultural background into consideration when designing the scale. ＂Spiritual Health Scale for the Elderly＂ includes four sub-scales: personal well-being, communal well-being, environmental well-being, and transcendental well-being. The study aimed at the community elderly aged 65 and over in Taipei City and New Taipei City. 391 valid samples were collected by using random sampling in the pretest, in order to conduct item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. In the end, we obtained 12 questions for the formal scale. In the formal survey, 350 participants, who lived in Taipei City and aged over 65 years old, were selected by using stratified random sampling. The Cronbach's of the total scale was .941 and the sub-scales' were between .827 and .921, which showed good reliability. Based on the results of the SEM model, the overall indicators of construction validity were up to standard, indicating that the overall model was acceptable. The study also applied self-rated current ＂Life Satisfaction＂ and ＂Subjective Well-being＂ as criterions. In the results of criterion-related validity, the Pearson correlations were .672 and .395 respectively, which was statistically significant. In the background variables, it showed that there were no significant differences between genders and among age groups. In conclusion, the ＂Spiritual Health Scale for the Elderly＂ developed in this research has good reliability and validity. This scale can help professionals to understand the spiritual health of the elderly in Taiwan when assessing their health. Furthermore, researchers can expand further related studies based on this scale.

並列關鍵字

the elderly ； spiritual health ； scale development

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