日語授受句動詞之名詞化研究

Nominalization of the Give and Receive Verbs in Japanese

趙順文(Sun-Bun Tio)

《台大日本語文研究》 23期 (2012/06) Pp. 131-153

https://doi.org/10.6183/ntujp.2012.23.131

摘要

本文主要從教學語法觀點上，透過結合價語法與構式理論，考察日語授受句動詞之名詞化問題，所獲結論：1)教學上之語法點排序上應以「くれる」為優先，依次「もらう」最後為「あげる」。2)授受句動詞皆為3價動詞。3)日語授受句為特有的構式，由施惠人（者）、受惠者（人）、施惠物或受惠物、動詞四大語塊組成。其動詞有三種，即由1個動詞之名詞化的施惠物或受惠物與1個專屬他人的施惠人動詞「くれる」，人稱順序為3＞2＞1。與其成互補關係的專屬己者的受惠者動詞「もらう」，人稱順序為1＞2＞3，兩者實際的動作者皆為他人。相對地由1個動詞之名詞化的施惠物或受惠物與1個專屬己者的施惠者動詞「あげる」，人稱順序為1＞2＞3。

關鍵字

結合價語法 ； 構式理論 ； 動詞之名詞化 ； 構造圖 ； 授受動詞 ； 施惠人動詞 ； 施惠者動詞 ； 受惠者動詞

並列摘要

This study is concerned with the nominalization of the give and receive verbs in Japanese. Based on IKEGAMI's (2000) study on noiminalization of koto, and in light of the characteristic of SOV in Japanese, we claim that the constituents in the front of clauses are dependent elements, and the constituents in the later part of clauses are governing elements. In other words, the former constituent is a modifier, and the later one is a modified element. This research also revise the stemma created by KOIZUMI (2007) on the basis of valence grammar and construction grammar. In use of practical examples from Japanese, we intend to clarify some questions related to nominalization of give and receive verbs, in order to make a contribution on Japanese Linguistics and Japanese Teaching. There are three findings in this study.

並列關鍵字

valence grammar ； construction grammar ； give and receive verbs ； nominalization of verbs ； stemma

參考文獻

金田一(1987)。新明解国語辞典第五版。三省堂。

趙順文(1995)。結合価文法論考。立昌出版社。

GOLDBERG, A.(1995).Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure.University of Chicago Press.

児玉德美(1997)。依存文法の研究。研究社。

悟原池ら(1997)。日本語語彙体系。岩波。