低視力兒童繪畫表現特徵與教學策略初探

A Preliminary Study on the Drawing Characteristics of Children With Low Vision and the Related Teaching Strategies

伊彬(Bin I) ； 邱佳勳(Jia-Syun Ciou) ； 陳翊慈(Yu-Tzu Chen)

《藝術教育研究》 37期 (2019/05) Pp. 1-48

https://doi.org/10.6622/RAE.201905_37.0001

摘要

關於低視力兒童繪畫教育之既有研究十分缺乏，本研究期望透過實際教導七位國小二至六年級的低視力兒童，每週一次共16堂的繪畫教學，經過不斷修正教學，獲得繪畫表現特徵與教學策略之歸納。研究總共獲得800餘張作品。研究結果發現：參與者的觀察力、想像力與繪畫表現經過一學期教學後明顯進步。其繪畫表現特徵為：（1）以一筆可能停頓數次但不間斷的線來完成像剪影般的外輪廓；（2）連續的背景線條無法順利連接；（3）高度近視或貼近畫面作圖者皆不易掌握大場景構圖；（4）弧線特徵掌控不易；（5）精緻的細節表現；（6）空間發展落後，但適當教導後能大幅進步趨近明眼兒童。並從：（1）瞭解對象；（2）提供適當的繪畫媒材及教具；（3）課程設計的八項重點；（4）擴增視覺影像的資料庫等四方面，具體建議實際繪畫教學策略細節。繪畫活動不僅使參與者學會透過圖像表達思想，也對自信心養成有所助益。

關鍵字

低視力 ； 兒童 ； 繪畫 ； 教學策略 ； 藝術教育

並列摘要

There is insufficient research related to drawing education for children with low vision in Taiwan. This research aimed to analyze the drawing characteristics and suggest teaching strategies through teaching seven children with low vision (2nd to 6th grades) once a week for 16 weeks. In total, more than 800 drawings were collected. All participants progressed noticeably in observation, imagination, and pictorial presentation during the 16 weeks. The study derives 6 characteristics from their drawings. The participants with low vision usually: (1) drew silhouette-like outer contours with one line, which might be completed in one interrupted stroke; (2) were unable to connect continuous background lines smoothly; (3) those with highly myopic, or those who had to kept their heads close to the paper as they draw encountered difficulties in constructing large scenes; (4) had trouble handling curvatures; (5) were good at presenting details; and (6) their spatial representation development was delayed, but could be improved after appropriate teaching. This research suggests practical details of teaching strategies from the following aspects: (1) understanding your students; (2) providing appropriate drawing and teaching materials; (3) eight key points in curriculum design; and (4) enriching students' visual memory database. In addition, drawing activities not only encourage the participants to present their thoughts pictorially, but also help to develop their self-confidence.

並列關鍵字

low vision ； children ； drawing ； teaching strategy ； art education

參考文獻

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伊彬 ( 2017 ) 從全盲兒童構圖特徵與意義探討藝術教育的可能性 。 科技部補助專題研究計畫結案報告 ( MOST 103-2410 - H - 003-109 - MY2 ) I, Bin (2017). The possibility for art education: From the viewpoint of characteristics and meanings of drawing composition by blind children. Report for research project supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 103-2410-H-003-109-MY2).

伊彬 ( 2018 ) 低視力兒童的繪畫特徵與教學策略探索 。 科技部補助專題研究計畫期中報告 (MOST 105-2410-H-003-040-MY3) • I, Bin (2018). The drawing characteristics and teaching strategies for children with low vision in elementary school. Midterm report for research project supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 105-2410-H-003-040-MY3).