臺灣地區新入侵煙草粉蝨Q型生物小種之分子鑑定

Identification of a New Invasive Q Biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Taiwan by Molecular Markers

謝佳宏(Chia-Hung Hsieh) ； 吳復生(Fu-Sheng Wu) ； 蔣宜弦(Yi-Hsien Chiang) ； 方華德(Hua-Te Fang) ； 柯俊成(Chiun-Cheng Ko)

《台灣昆蟲》 28卷3期 (2008/12) Pp. 211-224

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2008016

摘要

煙草粉蝨 (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) 為世界百大入侵生物種之一，此種可區分為許多生物小種並具農業經濟危害性。原產於地中海區域的 Q 型生物小種，近年已入侵美國、墨西哥、中國、日本等地，藉由聖誕紅作物貿易而快速擴散，造成農業經濟上更大的危害。全面採集臺灣地區煙草粉蝨共 481 筆樣本，除了本地的 An與 Nauru 型生物小種及入侵 B 型生物小種外，利用分子標示亦在聖誕紅溫室內偵測到 Q 型生物小種。利用Q 型生物小種序列特徵化增幅區域 (Sequence characterized amplified region, SCAR) 與限制酵素切割擴增片段多型性 (Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, CAPS) 鑑定出臺灣有 Q 型生物小種，粒線體細胞色素氧化酶第 1 次單元序列 (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI) 所重建之系統發生樹亦支持此項結果。目前此害蟲尚未在野外發現，推測處於入侵初期的狀態，加上 B 和 Q 型生物小種抗藥性種類不同，共域存在時不易防治，因此須加強農作物進口檢疫上的偵測，防範多次入侵造成臺灣地區農業上的損失。

關鍵字

害蟲 ； 粉蝨 ； 聖誕紅 ； 生物入侵 ； 分子標幟

並列摘要

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), among the top 100 world's worst invasive alien species, causes serious agricultural damage. It is divided into many biotypes. Biotype Q, which originated in the Mediterranean region, is a new invader in Taiwan which has been transmitted by poinsettia and has caused great economic losses in the USA, Mexico, China, and Japan. In this study, 481 samples were collected in Taiwan. Molecular markers indentified not only the indigenous An and Nauru biotypes and the invasive B biotype but also the new invasive biotype Q were found. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analysis, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and a phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) support the new invasive biotype Q being present in Taiwan. However, biotype Q is not being monitored in the field, and we hypothesize that it is in the early stages of invasion. Biotypes B and Q of B. tabaci have different inherent levels of resistance to insecticides, thus their coexistence will not be easy to control. Therefore, a quarantine of agricultural crops will be necessary to prevent future multiple invasions of biotype Q in Taiwan and avoid potentially serious agricultural economic losses.

並列關鍵字

pest ； whitefly ； poinsettia ； biological invasion ； molecular marker