溫度依變下太平洋偽葉蟎在蝴蝶蘭上之生活史

Temperature-Dependent Life History of Tenuipalpus pacificus (Acariformes: Tenuipalpidae) on Phalaenopsis sp.

王文哲(Wen-Jer Wang) ； 林明瑩(Ming-Ying Lin)

《台灣昆蟲》 29卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 13-23

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2009002

摘要

太平洋偽葉蟎以蝴蝶蘭進行單隻飼育，於24、28、32、36℃等4種定溫，相對濕度80%、光週期12:12(L:D)之條件下進行。卵於24℃下需時20.2日孵化，在36℃時僅需6.7日便能孵化。幼蟎之發育期介於24℃之9.4日與36℃之3.7日之間，前若蟎介於24℃之8.6日與32℃之3.9日之間，後若蟎之發育期則介於10.0與4.1日之間。整個幼期發育所需時間於24℃時需48.4日，而28、32及36℃下則分別需時31.8、22.6與19.4日。雄成蟎之壽命介於42.7與14.0日之間，而雌成蟎則介於42.9與21.2日之間，在24、28、32與36℃下平均每隻雌蟎分別產下10.6、31.3、35.8與6.2粒卵。卵之發育臨界低溫為18.6℃、幼蟎為17.0℃、前若蟎為17.4℃。卵、幼蟎與前若蟎之發育總積溫分別為122.2、74.3與56.6日度。幼期之發育臨界低溫與發育總積溫分別為16.2℃及374.5日度。推估在蘭花栽培之溫室內每年約可發生9個世代。將原始資料進行整理以兩性生命表進行分析，其內在增殖率(r)在24、28、32、36℃下分別為0.0195、0.0531、0.0578、0.0411(day^(-1))。而繁殖淨值(R0)則依序為3.6、13.9、8.4、3.1/雌蟎。平均世代所需時間(T)依序為65.81、49.53、36.87與27.72日。

關鍵字

太平洋偽葉蟎 ； 蝴蝶蘭 ； 溫度 ； 生活史 ； 族群介量

並列摘要

The life history of Tenuipalpus pacificus on Phalaenopsis sp. was studied at 24, 28, 32, and 36℃, with 80±5% RH and a 12-hr/day photoperiod under laboratory conditions. The egg stage was 20.2 days at 24℃, but it was only 6.7 days at 36℃. The developmental period of the larva stage ranged from 9.4 days at 24℃ to 3.7 days at 36℃. The developmental period of the protonymph stage was between 8.6 days at 24℃ and 3.9 days at 32℃. The developmental period of the deutonymph stage ranged between 10 days and 4.1 days. The developmental periods of the immature stage was 48.4 days at 24℃, and 31.8, 22.6, 19.4 days at 28, 32, and 36℃ respectively. The longevity of the male and female stages was between 42.7 to 14.0 days and 42.9 to 21.2 days respectively. The average fecundity was 10.6, 31.3, 35.9 and 6.2 eggs/female at 24, 28, 32 and 36℃, respectively. The low temperature thresholds of the egg, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph stages were 18.6, 17.0 and 17.4℃ respectively, and the thermal summation of each stage was 122.2, 74.3 and 56.6 degree-day respectively. The low temperature threshold and thermal summation of the immature stage were 16.2℃ and 374.5 degree-days, respectively. It has been estimated that 9 generations can occur in orchid greenhouse annually. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.0195, 0.0531, 0.0578, and 0.0411 d^(-1) at 24, 28, 32, 36℃ respectively. The net reproduction rate (R0) was 3.6, 3.9, 8.4, and 3.1 eggs/female, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was 65.8, 49.5, 36.9 and 27.7 d at 24, 28, 32, and 36℃ respectively.

並列關鍵字

Tenuipalpus pacificus ； Phalaenopsis sp. ； temperature ； life history ； population parameters