黑殭菌(＂Metarhizium anisopliae＂)作為生物性殺蟲劑防治棕帶蜚蠊(＂Supella longipalpa＂ (F.))之潛用性研究

＂Metarhizium anisopliae＂ as a Potential Biopesticide for the Brown-banded Cockroach, ＂Supella longipala＂ (Blattaria: Blattellidae)

倪宇亭(Yu-Ting Ni) ； 唐立正(Li-Cheng Tang) ； 段淑人(Shu-Jen Tuan)

《台灣昆蟲》 34卷2期 (2014/08) Pp. 73-86

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2014008

摘要

本試驗以蟲生真菌黑殭菌(＂Metarhiziu manisopliae＂)為防治資材，利用常用的害蟲管理策略，如噴灑、食餌或費洛蒙陷阱進行防治棕帶蜚蠊(＂Supella longipalpa＂)的研究。於25℃下，以直接噴灑孢子懸浮液於蜚蠊體表的方式，可達到最有效的防治效果，施用濃度1.6x10^8conidia/mL，於感染21日後之累積死亡率為78.3%，LT_(50)為9.8天。含有分生孢子粉之陷阱中添加棕帶蜚蠊糞便萃取液或／及食餌之綜合應用，可提升致死率，其中以添加二氯甲烷糞便萃取液之應用效果最佳，造成蜚蠊之死亡率達55.6%。添加於食餌亦可提升整體之死亡率，甲醇及乙醇糞便萃取液添加食餌綜合應用造成蜚蠊之死亡率分別為35.6及23.3%，而單獨使用甲醇及乙醇糞便萃取液時只有23.3及14.4%的死亡率；試驗證實糞便萃取液及食餌皆可提升其防治效力，且成蟲之死亡率較若蟲為高。噴灑孢子懸浮液於材質表面之接觸感染效果，以施用於塑膠、瓷磚及玻璃光滑表面較佳，不鏽鋼板及粗糙的木板則較低。此外，水平傳播於聚集性的蜚蠊族群間（帶原：未感染個體=1：10），可使未感染個體因而造成30.0%之死亡率。試驗結果顯示，黑殭菌應用於防治棕帶蜚蠊上，不僅可單獨使用，也可搭配食餌及糞便萃取液綜合應用；且孢子具水平傳播之特性，可於蜚蠊族群間達到有效的防治效果。

關鍵字

棕帶蜚蠊 ； 黑殭菌 ； 水平傳播 ； 糞便萃取物 ； 食餌

並列摘要

The pathogenicity of ＂Metarhizium anisopliae＂ (Metschn.) against the brown-banded cockroach, ＂Supella longipalpa＂ (F.), was evaluated using common household pest management techniques ＂i.e.＂, spraying, bait, and pheromone trap. The most effective control measure was spraying the conidial suspension directly on the cockroach at 25℃. When a suspension of 1.6×10^8 conidia/mL was sprayed on a cockroach, the mortality and LT_(50) value were 78.3% and 9.8 days, respectively. The use of a trap containing conidia combined with fecal extracts and/or food as an integrated application method enhanced fungal infection. Using a lure consisting of a mixture of conidia and dichloromethane fecal extracts, was found to be more effective, causing a mortality of approx. 55.6%. Lures combining conidia with methanol or ethanol fecal extracts and food resulted in mortalities of 35.6 and 23.3% respectively, while lures that combined conidia with methanol or ethanol fecal extracts only, resulted in mortalities of 23.3 and 14.4%, respectively. This result indicated that fecal extracts combined with food enhanced the activity of the insecticide. The suspension was sprayed on the surface of different materials that are commonly used for interior decoration. Conidia sprayed on plastic materials, tile and glass resulted in a mortality of cockroaches that was higher than when sprayed on stainless steel sheets or a wood surface. Combining the exposed and unexposed cockroaches at a 1:10 ratio resulted in 30.0% mortality in colonies, indicating that ＂M. anisopliae＂ transmigrated horizontally within ＂S. longipalpa＂ populations. Therefore, this trial has shown that ＂M. anisopliae＂ can be a potential microbial agent for managing this cockroach when applied alone or in combination with food baits or with bait stations containing fecal extracts.

並列關鍵字

＂Supella longipalpa＂ ； ＂Metarhizium anisopliae＂ ； horizontal transmission ； fecal extracts ； food bait