茶角盲椿象（半翅目：盲椿科）對茶與雜草之取食選擇及食草適宜性評估

Evaluation of Feeding Activity and Host Suitability of Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Tea and Common Weed Species Presented in Tea Plantation

林敬桓(Jing-Huan Lin) ； 陳威嘉(Wei-Chia Chen) ； 蔡淑雅(Su-Ya Cai) ； 莊益源(Yi-Yuan Chuang)

《台灣昆蟲》 38卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 53-62

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.2018006

摘要

茶角盲椿象(Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius)為多食性昆蟲，可危害多種經濟栽培作物。本研究在室內測試其雌成蟲對臺茶18號(Taiwan Tea Experiment Station No. 18, TTES No. 18)及茶園4種常見雜草的取食偏好選擇，結果顯示雌蟲選擇取食臺茶18號的相對比率最高；但去除臺茶18號的心芽及二片新葉後，則發現其對大花咸豐草(Bidens pilosa L. var. radiate Sch.)的相對取食斑痕比率最高達59.5%，與其他處理呈現顯著差異；而常見雜草中的兩耳草(Paspalum conjugatum Bergius)在臺茶18號有無去除心芽及新葉的二種模式測試下，皆未在植體上發現遭取食後的斑痕徵狀。此外，分別以臺茶18號及大花咸豐草新梢嫩葉作為食草進行室內飼育，結果顯示供食二種植體後，茶角盲椿象皆可完成生活史，且若蟲的發育時間、成蟲壽命、雌成蟲產卵前期、一生平均總產卵量及卵的孵化率分別皆無顯著差異。本研究結果除了確認大花咸豐草於室內環境下可為其寄主植物，且相當適合做為替代食草應用於繁殖繼代族群，另外，取食偏好的結果亦可供茶園雜草管理及草生栽培草種選擇之參考。

關鍵字

茶角盲椿象 ； 取食偏好 ； 大花咸豐草 ； 兩耳草 ； 生活史 ； 雜草管理

並列摘要

The tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius, is a polyphagous pest, which causes damage to various crops, leading to economic losses. Field surveys have indicated that common weed species present in tea plantations can be potential hosts. Here to determine whether weeds can be used as alternative hosts of H. fasciaticollis, laboratory studies were conducted to compare the feeding activities of adult H. fasciaticollis females on Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata, Mikania micrantha H. B. K., and Paspalum conjugatum Bergius four types of weeds that grow in tea plantations with those on tea plants with or without fresh shoots (Taiwan Tea Experiment Station No. 18, TTES No. 18). The results showed that fresh tea shoots were the most preferred, with the highest relative ratios of feeding spots and areas. However, when the fresh tea shoots were removed, B. pilosa became the most preferred, with the mean relative feeding spot ratio of 59.5%. By contrast, no feeding spots were observed on P. conjugatum in both experiments. The host suitability study showed that H. fasciaticollis could complete its life cycle on the fresh shoots of both B. pilosa and TTES No. 18. Nymph development time, adult longevity, preovipositional period, mean number of eggs oviposited by female adults, and egg hatching rate of H. fasciaticollis on both B. pilosa and TTES No. 18 did not differ significantly. Taken together, B. pilosa can be a host plant of H. fasciaticollis in an indoor environment, and by using B. pilosa as an alternative diet for rearing H. fasciaticollis, weed management or grass cultivation in tea plantations may be studied further.

並列關鍵字

Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius ； feeding activity ； Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata ； Paspalum conjugatum Bergius ； life cycle ； weed management