Effects of Temperature on Body Size and Reproductive Potential of Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) taiwana (Shiraki) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

溫度對台灣鋏蠓（Forcipomyia（Lasiohelea）taiwana（Shiraki））（Diptera: Ceratopogonidae）體型大小與繁殖潛能之影響

施昌良(Chang-Liang Shih) ； 謝伯岳(Po-Yueh Hsieh) ； 杜武俊(Wu-Chun Tu)

《台灣昆蟲》 39卷3期 (2019/08) Pp. 84-95

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.201908_39(3).001

摘要

The biting midge, Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) taiwana (Shiraki) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), is considered a major pest in Taiwan. Biting by the F. taiwana has led to reduced quality of life and has severely affected the leisure and tourism industries. It has been described that the body size of animals follows a 'temperature size rule＂, with warmer environments resulting in a smaller body size. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of larval rearing temperatures on the body size of adult F. taiwana. Adults of biting midge were collected from Taichung City, Changhua County, and Nantou County in central Taiwan and were used as experimental insect sources. The female body size and wing length varied significantly during different seasons. Female individuals with the shortest wing length of 0.958 ± 0.004 mm were captured during the summer solstice whereas those with the longest wings of 1.209 ± 0.003 mm were captured during the winter solstice. Furthermore, female fecundity was found to positively correlate with the wing length and body size. Body size is affected by the larval developmental temperature, which is, in turn, directly related to the wing length. In addition, when satiated with a blood meal, females F. taiwana individuals had a shorter ovipositional time at higher temperatures. Our results also revealed that egg maturation was faster at higher temperatures. Female F. taiwana individuals had higher fecundity at 25℃ and 30℃ compared with other temperatures. Furthermore, the ovipositional rhythm of female F. taiwana individuals did not vary by temperature changes.

關鍵字

Forcipomyia taiwana ； wing length ； body size ； temperature ； ovipositional rhythm

並列摘要

在台灣中部地區的台中、彰化與南投等三縣市採集台灣鋏蠓（Forcipomyia（Lasiohelea）taiwana（Shiraki）），調查顯示雌蟲體型因季節而有變化，不同季節採集的蟲體其翅長具有顯著差異，翅長最短者為夏至採集之蟲體，平均翅長為0.958±0.004 mm，翅最長者為冬至採集的蟲體，平均翅長為1.209±0.003 mm。雌蟲翅長與卵量呈正相關性，顯示雌蟲的體型直接影響產卵量。將台灣鋏蠓幼蟲飼育於不同溫度條件下，其羽化後之蟲體型大小與溫度高低具有顯著負相關，而體型大小則受幼蟲發育溫度之影響，表示幼蟲生長之環境溫度將會影響台灣鋏蠓的繁殖潛能。將飽血雌蟲分別置於不同溫度條件，結果溫度愈高產卵時間愈短，顯示卵的成熟速率隨著溫度的升高而增快，其中以25°C與30°C下雌蟲的產卵量明顯高於其他溫度。雌蟲的產卵律動行為，不會因為溫度變化而有所改變。

並列關鍵字

台灣鋏蠓 ； 翅長 ； 體型 ； 溫度 ； 產卵律動