溫度改變增加大白斑蝶（Idea leuconoe clara Butler）（Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae）翅黑化面積

Temperature Affects the Wing Melanization on Idea leuconoe clara (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

朱清麟(Ching-Lin Chu) ； 華真(Tsen Hua) ； 吳立心(Li-Hsin Wu)

《台灣昆蟲》 40卷1期 (2020/02) Pp. 84-96

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.202002_40(1).003

摘要

大白斑蝶（Idea leuconoe clara Butler）因為體型大且飛行緩慢，是亞洲蝴蝶園飼養的明星種。大白斑蝶除了原有的黑斑，原本白色的部位也可能出現暗色的黑化情形。同種蝴蝶在不同的緯度會呈現不同的色素沉澱；在台灣與鄰近產地的標本與文獻中，有數筆大白斑蝶黑化的個體紀錄。為了測試飼養溫度是否會產生翅黑化，我們分別在6種溫度15、20、25、30、35、40℃飼養共600隻大白斑蝶，並發現在35及40℃共有2隻黑化的個體，黑化程度佔翅面積為67～80%，個體黑化的比率僅0.3%；同時高溫處理下死亡率高達99%。我們繼續針對100隻前蛹停滯期的個體，進行低溫10℃持續12天與高溫35、40℃持續4天高溫的衝擊試驗，發現在冷衝擊12天的翅黑化程度為59～69%；然而在35℃熱衝擊4天的翅黑化程度為66～75%，40℃熱衝擊2天的試驗黑化程度可達79～82%，熱衝擊處理後蝴蝶死亡率仍高達33%，而試驗中總共測試70隻大白斑蝶，黑化比率為12.9%，僅有9隻個體。綜上所述，本試驗得知在極端溫度調節下，大白斑蝶翅黑色素沈澱會被調控，造成翅白色部位的黑化呈色，蛹期前期這個特定時間的溫度對黑化部位的黑色素沈澱有重要的影響。

關鍵字

大白斑蝶 ； 極端溫度 ； 黑色素沉澱

並列摘要

Idea leuconoe clara, the large tree nymph, is known for its presence in Southeast Asian butterfly gardens because of its large wingspan and black and white color contrast. The distribution of black spots and the degrees of coarseness and melanization of the wings are usually employed for species identification. Latitudinal and temperature variations in the phenotype or genotype of a butterfly can cause the wings of a single butterfly species to have varying coloration. The literature contains several records of melanized I. leuconoe and descriptions of specimen collections from Taiwan and Southeast Asia. To evaluate the effects of development temperature on the melanization of I. leuconoe wings, we reared 600 larvae under six constant temperatures (range: 15-40°C) and discovered only two melanized adults in the end, with 67-80% wing area melanization for the temperatures of 35 and 40°C; the mortality of high temperature reached 99%. We further conducted heat-cold-shock treatments on 100 individuals during their wandering stage before pupation. In response to 10°C cold treatment, two melanized adults had 59-69% wing area melanization. By contrast, four melanized adults had 66-75% melanization after 35°C treatment, and five melanized individuals had 79-82% melanization after 40°C treatment. When wandering-stage heat-shock treatments were administered, nine individuals were melanized, the melanization rate was increased to 12.9%, and the mortality rate was reduced to 33%. In summary, the wing color patterns of I. leuconoe caused by extreme temperature are a result from a combined effect in the species' wandering, early pupal stage. The mechanisms of color-pattern development of I. leuconoe may be exploited to prevent individuals arising from some specific rearing conditions, such as conditions in the wet and hot season.

並列關鍵字

Idea leuconoe clara ； effects of extreme temperature ； melanization