我國優秀跳遠選手助跑速度與助跑速度利用率分析

本研究的目的在分析比較我國優秀跳遠選手許智雄與邱俊璟（86年度全國跳遠排名第二名及第三名並曾代表我國參加1999年西班牙帕瑪世界大學運動會）的短距離快跑能力、助跑速度變化、助跑速度利用率，以及助跑最後三步之步幅，與世界級及大陸優秀選手的差異。本研究利用分段計時器以5公尺為間隔，分別紀錄兩位選手50公尺與跳遠助跑之分段速度，並同時紀錄跳遠成績與助跑最後三步之步幅。結果：一、許智雄與邱俊璟選手50公尺快跑，分別在35-40公尺與40-45公尺間達到最高速度（分別為10.48和10.55m/sec）。二、許智雄助跑分段速度顯示，約在起跳板前10-15公尺之間達到高速度，接下來的5-10公尺速度略微下降，而最後5公尺之助跑速度則進一步下降；而邱俊璟助跑最高速度出現在起跳板前5-10公尺處，起跳前5公尺呈現減速狀態。分段速度曲線圖顯示出邱俊璟起跳前速度比許智雄選手平穩流暢，因此其跳遠成績也較好。三、許智雄的速度利用率(93.99%)較邱俊璟(92.10%)高出0.11%，因起跳難度增加，其跳遠成績相對較差。四、邱俊璟起跳前三步之步幅較許智雄大，兩人助跑倒數第三步至第一步步幅平均值分別為2.46±0.05公尺、2.48±0.24公尺、2.23±0.15公尺和2.11±0.08公尺、2.12±0.19公尺2.14±0.19公尺。以上結果經分析與討論後，得到如下結論及建議：許智雄的訓練重點應著重於整個助跑速度的連貫性及節奏性，尤其是最後上板前的2段5公尺速度，應保持最高速度，以利於起跳速度的完全運用；除此之外，更應加強其起跳前三步之步幅，如能在穩定的速度中、速度不變的情況下，加大其起跳前三步之步幅，必能締造佳績。邱俊璟的助跑速度較許智雄平穩流暢，唯在最後起跳前5公尺處速度明顯下降，因此應發揮其最高速度來上板起跳以提高其速度利用率；此外邱俊璟助跑速度利用率較低，如能加快助跑最後幾步之節奏，使水平速度增加，則其跳遠成績將有較大的進步空間；邱俊璟的助跑最後三步的步幅與世界級選手相似，步幅越大，速度越快，其跳遠成績越好。

關鍵字

分段速度；速度曲線；最高速度；上板速度；助跑速度利用率；步幅

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to analyze the short distance sprint capacity, variation of run-up velocity, utilization rate of the run-up speed, period speed of stride length of the three steps before stamping the board and their relationship with jump performance of Hsu Chih-Hsiung and Chiou Chun-Chin (participated in the 1999 World University Championship and ranked second and third nationwide in long jump in 1997), and also to compare with the top athletes in the world and the good athletes in the Mainland China. This study used the Compusport 737 portable printing timer to record the 50 meters, period speed, and stride length of the three steps before stamping the board. The result derived as follows: 1. Hsu Chih-Hsiung and Chiou Chun-Chin reached their top speed of 35~40 meters and 40~45meters respectively (10.48 &10.55m/sec), in the 50 meters dash. 2. The analysis of Hsu Chih-Hsiung's run-up period speed revealed that he reached maximal velocity at roughly 10~15 meters prior to stamping the board, his subsequent speed for the following 5~10 meters declined slightly, and his run-up velocity in the final 6 meters further is reduced. Chiou Chun-Chin reached his maximal speed at the 5~10 meters mark, and decelerated his run-up velocity at 5 meters prior to take-off. The velocity curve chart indicated that Chiou Chun-Chin's speed prior to take-off was more stable and fluid than Hsu Chih-Hsiung, and had better jump performance. 3. Hsu Chih-Hsiung utilization rate of velocity (93.99%) had 0.11% higher than Chiou Chun-Chin (92.10%), hence the degree of difficulty of his take-off was increased accordingly, resulted in inferior jumping performance. 4. Chiou Chun-Chin had greater stride length of the three steps before stamping the board than Hsu Chih-Hsiung, his run-up strides counting from the third step to the last step measured 2.46±0.05, 2.48±0.24, 2.23±0.15, 2.11±0.08, 2.12±0.19, 2.14±0.19 respectively. In terms of the results: Hsu Chih-Hsiung's training should emphasis on the running tempo and full approach, especially at least 35~45 meters of run-up distance is necessary for his to reach maximal run-up velocity from the starting point, in order to ascertain maximal approaching velocity stamping at the board. Chiou Chun-Chin run-up speed prior to take-off was more stable and fluid, but decelerated his run-up velocity at 5 meters prior to take-off. Therefore, the key training method for Chiou Chun-Chin should focus on the velocity of the entire run-up process, particularly in the improvement of approaching velocity before stamping the board. Chiou Chun-Chin had lower utilization rate of the run-up speed. If he could quick the tempo before the take-off and high the speed, a greater room of improvement in jumping performance exists. Chiou Chun-Chin had the greater the stride length of the three steps before stamping the board the faster the velocity would, hence the better the jump performance.

並列關鍵字

period speed ； velocity curve ； maximal velocity ； approaching velocity speed before stamping the board ； utilization rate of the run-up speed ； stride length of the three steps before stamping the board

國際替代計量

我國優秀跳遠選手助跑速度與助跑速度利用率分析

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