優秀大專跳遠選手不同週期跳遠之運動學分析

Kinematic Analysis of male long jump at different times

陳進志(Ching-cheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 黃長福

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本研究是在探討同一群受試者經訓練後，在不同時間裡接受實驗，藉此找出跳遠動作參數與成績的關係，以利於選手或教練調整。本研究以Peak高速攝影機（120Hz）對六位受試者跳遠動作進行運動學分析。受試者平均年齡為23歲，平均身高為176公分，平均體重為68公斤。實驗將分三次不同時間來進行實驗，並對跳遠助跑前二步及起跳等二個階段來研究。所得到的結論可歸納下列幾項：
１、當受試者試跳成績較優秀時，其助跳的水平速度變化量會較小。
２、起跳水平速度和垂直速度是影響跳遠成績的二大要素，本研究選手有加強的空間。
３、本研究的受試者在推蹬力量方面有顯得不足，所以其踝關節的角速度就顯得不夠快。
４、發現助跑階段身體重心高度如變化較多時，跳遠成績會有較優秀的情況。
５、起跳角度隨著成績進步，角度也有增大的現象。
從學者的研究指出，影響跳遠成績的最重要因素為起跳時的水平速度，在本研究中則以受試者的起跳垂直速度、以及重心高度變化量影響較大。但與美國選手相比較後，可發現受試者的速度與肌力方面有相當大的差別存在。

關鍵字

跳遠 ； 運動學 ； 起跳

並列摘要

The relationship between motion parameter of long jump and grade was investigated in this study. The results of the study could be useful to athletes and trainers to adjust the motions of long jump. The same squad of experimenters took the test of long jump at different times after training. The motions of the six experimenters were recorded by Peak high-speed camera with 120 HZ to analyze kinetics of the long jump. The experimenters are 23 years old, the average 176-centimeter height and the average 68-kilogram weight. All the tests were carried for three times. The two stages of initial two steps of approach and takeoff in the long jump were studied. We can make some conclusions as shown in below,
1.The experimenters with less variation on horizontal velocity got the higher grade.
2.The “Horizontal velocity of C.G.” and the “Vertical velocity of C.G.” are the most important two parameters for long jump. The experimenters had scope to improve in this study.
3.The experimenters showed slow angular velocity on hock that resulted from the weak pushing on feet.
4.The experimenters with more variation on height of body fulcrum in the stage of approach got the higher grade.
5.The higher grade can be got with the bigger angle of C.G. at takeoff.
The other researchers suggested the Horizontal velocity of C. G. was the most important parameter for long jump. However, in this study, the Vertical velocity of C.G. and the variation on height of body fulcrum at takeoff showed more impact. The difference may be caused from the difference on velocity and brawn of the experimenters.

並列關鍵字

long jump ； kinetic ； takeoff

參考文獻

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