體育運動風險管理之探討

An Analysis of Risk Management in Sport

江澤群(Tser-Chyun Chiang) ； 林國瑞(Kuo-Jui Lin)

《北體學報》 7期 (2000/04) Pp. 207-216

https://doi.org/10.6167/TPEC/2000.7.17

摘要

本文之目的在透過相關文獻，介紹體育運動的風險管理。現今，由於機械與電腦的使用，大量代替人力，人們擁有更多的閒暇時間，因此參與運動的機會大為增加。然而運動意外事故的發生，常涉及法律訴訟，嚴重影響體育運動産業的發展，訴訟可能涉及的人員包括運動參與者、教練、裁判、設施管理者、觀衆等；訴訟範圍則從學校體育、休閒運動、到職業運動，無一倖免。由於體育運動本身就潛藏風險，即使是最安全的運動環境，也無法完全避免意外，所以風險管理成為體育運動組織因應這類問題的重要策略。
風險管理的程序包括風險認定、風險評估、選擇對策、實施策略及檢討修訂五個步驟(Head & Horn，1991)。此外，針對風險的主要對策為規避風險、承擔風險、轉移風險、降低風險與調查研究。體育運動風險管理計畫基本上應包含定期檢查器材、設施，對相關人員提供足夠訓練，並周詳的督導所有活動。由於環境瞬息萬變，風險管理策略也需要經常檢討修正以因應實際狀況。

關鍵字

風險管理 ； 風險評估 ； 風險對策

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the risk management practice in sport through a review of the available literature. As the continuing increase in mechanization and computer usage, more leisure time are offered for people to participate in sport. However, accidents that lead to litigation will continue to impact the sport industry. Sport litigation may include participants, administrators, coaches, officials, facility managers, and spectators. In addition, it involves everyone from educational sports, recreational sports, and professional sports. Risks are associated with sport and even the safest environment can never avoid accidents. Therefore, risk management has become a crucial part of a sport program since it provides effective solution to deal with risks.
The process of risk management includes risk identification, risk evaluation, risk treatment, risk implementation, and review and evaluation (Head & Horn, 1991). Avoidance, retain, transfer, reduction, and research are considered as the major approaches to deal with the diverse risks. In order to provide a safe environment for participants and officials, sport administrators should develop appropriate risk management programs. The risk management plan must include inspection of equipment and facilities, the proper trained staff members, and proper supervision of all activities. Since a risk management plan is dynamic, it requires continuous review and modified approaches to deal with the changing environment.

並列關鍵字

Risk management ； risk evaluation ； risk treatment