摘要
拔河是一種提倡團體運動精神，且具「公平原則」教育功能的運動，教育部在我國推展拔河運動多年有成，各級學校多會在學校運動會時舉辦，可說是一個全民參與的運動。但在我國各級學校運動會常見的「多人團體拔河運動」項目，因為場地、人數、器材、參與者、觀眾等方面，皆不如競技型的「八人制拔河運動」有明確的競技規範、賽前訓練及專業護具使用，因而更容易產生各種運動傷害及危機。拔河是一種橫亙風險嚴重性、風險可能性的代表運動項目，多人拔河運動幾乎每次都會有參賽者受傷的風險，雖然平時多是嚴重性較低的傷害，但卻也是發生過多次高嚴重性、甚至危及性命的運動風險。因此，本研究將以我國歷史上多人團體拔河運動產生最嚴重運動風險，並造成2人斷臂、多人受傷的「力拔山河」大型拔河活動為主要研究對象，依風險管理計劃進行風險鑑視、風險衡量、風險處理及風險管理；並以Cuskelly和Auld的風險管理策略為架構，搭配加拿大的「風險分析及管理策略矩陣」，分析因應風險的方式及對應的管理策略，並進一步進行相關風險與危機管理探討，以期做為各級學校舉辦多人團體拔河運動項目時，進行相關風險評估的依據，進而減少此類影響重大的嚴重運動風險發生機率。
並列摘要
Tug-of-war(TOW) is a way of promoting the spirit of the system and containing the educational function of "fairness". The Department of Education has been doing so well in our country for many years, and many schools played it at the school sports day, which it is a national sport. But the "multiplayer tug-of-war" program, which is often used by schools in our country, is not as good as the skillful "eight-person tug-of-war" because of places, people, equipment, participants, viewers, and so on with complete skills, pre-match training and equipment usage, it is easier to lead to hazards and dangers. Therefore, this study takes large-scale tug-of-war activities, which caused two people's arms broken and multiple injured of the "LiBaShanHe", as the main research object. Tug-of-war is a representative sport that the severity of risks and the possibility of risks. Multiplayer tug-of-war almost has the risk of injury to participants every time. Although the most injuries are severity of low, it had been many times of exercise risks that the severity of high of injuries and even life-threatening of injuries. The research is about multi-person group tug-of-war in the history of our country, which have produced the most serious exercise risk of tug-of-war. Taking the risk management plan to doing risk assessment, risk measurement, risk treatment and risk management. The architecture, which based on Cuskelly and Auldrisk's risk management strategy, collocation "A Risk Management Model" in Canada to analyzes the way in which they are respond to risks and the management strategies they applied. Furthermore, the risky assessment must to relate to the program of school multi-person-tug-of-war. If so, they can reduce the chance of the major problem happening.