- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter (PM) and Potential Sources at anUrban Site of Udaipur in Western India
並列摘要
Measurements of mass concentrations of particulate matters (PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)) and mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) were made at an urban site of Udaipur (24.58°N, 73.68°E) in India from April 2010 to March 2011. Concentrations of PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and CO show strong diurnal and seasonal variations. The highest concentrations coincide with the rush traffic and lower nocturnal boundary layer depth. The lowest concentrations in the afternoon hours are attributed to the dilution caused by higher boundary layer height and reduced traffic. The levels of trace constituents during the weekend were significantly reduced compared to the weekdays of observations. The daily PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and CO varied in the large ranges of 8-111 μg/m^3, 28-350 μg/m^3 and 145-795 ppbv, respectively. PM_(2.5) and CO show strong seasonality with higher and lower values during winter and monsoon seasons, respectively, while PM_(10) shows highest value during the premonsoon season. Flow of cleaner marine air and negligible biomass burning resulted in lower values in the monsoon season. Long-rang transport and extensive biomass burning caused higher values in winter and pre-monsoon seasons. Back trajectories show seasonal shift in the long- range transport which is consistent with the seasonality of aerosols and CO. Except for the monsoon season, mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) show good correlation (typically r^2 ＞ 0.5). Relations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) with CO varied with the season but show good correlations (r^2 ＞ 0.5) during the winter season, while poor correlation during monsoon. The correlations suggest dominance of combustion related emissions particularly during winter season. Monthly emission ratios of ΔPM_(2.5)/ΔPM_(10), ΔPM_(2.5)/ΔCO and ΔPM_(10)/ΔCO varied in the ranges of 0.19-0.31 μg/m^3/ppbv, 0.05-0.10 μg/m^3/ppbv and 0.15-0.25 μg/m^3/ppbv, respectively. The mass concentration of PM_(2.5) tends to decrease with the increasing wind speed, while PM_(10) increases with wind speed.
延伸閱讀
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