Assessment of Impact of Meteorology and Precursor in Long-term Trends of PM and Ozone in a Tropical City

Christian Mark G. Salvador ； Angeles D. Alindajao ； Karen B. Burdeos ； Mark Anthony M. Lavapiez ； Jhon Robin Yee ； Angel T. Bautista VII ； Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa ； Rey Y. Capangpangan

《Aerosol and Air Quality Research》 22卷1期 (2022/01) Pp. 1-16+ap1-5-006

https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210269

摘要

Long-term trends of atmospheric pollutants, particularly ozone (O_3) and particulate matter (PM) provide a direct evaluation of the response of the atmosphere to the environmental policies and the variability of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. Here, we report the assessment of the temporal evolution of the air quality in a tropical urban city (Butuan) in the southern Philippines by evaluating the trends of meteorological conditions (i.e., temperature, R.H., boundary layer height), air pollutants (i.e., PM_(2.5), NO_2, O_3) and their precursors (Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene) from 2014 to 2020. During the seven-year measurement, the mean PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) mass concentrations were 8.7 ± 3.9 and 24.3 ± 12.0 μg m^(-3), with no single day exceeded the daily PM limit. The max concentrations of aerosol occurred during the dry season when the loss of particles through wet deposition was limited. Speciation of PM_(2.5) indicated that fine aerosol was dominated by sea salt and organic matter (OM). Analysis of the ratio of OM and sulfate indicated that the main source of pollution in the city was wildfire/biomass burning. The average O_3 and NO_2 mixing ratios during the same period were 22.3 ± 9.5 ppb and 8.1 ± 5.4 ppb while increasing at the rate of 0.409 ppb year^(-1) and 0.683 ppb year^(-1). The highest O_3 concentration occurred during the summer months when photochemistry enhanced the formation of tropospheric O_3. The increasing O_3 trend was attributed to the contribution of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs), based on their ozone-forming potentials (OFPs). The seven-year measurement also showcased the variability of the atmospheric pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, when O_3 substantially increased due to reduced vehicle transport activities. Overall, our results provide insights to better comprehend the sources of the variability of O_3 and PM on a long-term temporal scale, as well as implications on relevant environmental policies in controlling air pollutants in a tropical developing region.

關鍵字

MERRAero ； Ozone forming potential ； Tropical city ； Long-term trends