應用過渡理論探討老人遷居至長期照顧機構生活適應之相關及影響因素

Application of transitional theory to explore the related factors of life adaptation in elderly who relocated to long-term care institutions

林雅萍(Ya Ping Lin) ； 張曉雲(Hsiao Yun Chang)

《澳門護理雜誌》 16卷1-2期 (2018/04) Pp. 14-19

https://doi.org/10.6729/MJN.201712_16(1-2).003

摘要

背景：由於現今社會逐漸高齡化、少子化以及家庭結構的改變，使得老人入住機構逐年增高。而遷移過程常衍生壓力影響老人的健康甚至引發疾病，故對於入住機構及生活適應等照護議題極需加以探討。目的：運用「過渡理論」探討老人遷至長照機構，其入住特性、居住時間、遷移壓力、與生活適應之相關及影響因素。方法：採相關描述性研究，以方便取樣高雄十一間長照機構入住未滿一年之老人，對其進行結構式問卷調查，包括「基本屬性問卷」、「遷移壓力症候群評估表」及「生活適應量表」。結果：老人遷移至長期照顧機構其生活適應與下列因素有顯著影響及相關性：入住特性含經濟、健康狀況及機構等相關因素、居住時間及遷移壓力。結論：本研究可協助照護團隊完整認識老人適應機構生活所面臨的困境，適時提供相關護理協助，進而提升其生活滿意度，增進其身心健康，以賦予老人晚年生活新的目標和意義。

關鍵字

過渡理論 ； 老人 ； 長期照護機構 ； 遷移壓力症候群 ； 生活適應

並列摘要

Background: Population aging, low fertility and the transformation of family structures, these has made elderly move to institutions increasing year by year. The relocation often creates stress and affects one's health and illness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the care issues regarding the relocation to institutions and the adaptation. Purpose: Using the transition theory to explore the related factors of relocation stress syndrome, health status and life adaptation after elderly relocated to long-term care institutions is the purpose of this study. Method: This correlational study used a convenience sampling method to recruit 108 who resided institution within a year from 11 Kaohsiung long-term care institutions. The questionnaire contained personal information, checklist for relocation stress syndrome and life adaptation scale. Result: After elderly relocated to long-term care institutions, their life adaptation was correlated and affected with the following factors: relocation characteristics such as economics, health status, institution features etc., resident duration and relocation stress. Conclusion: The findings can help care team comprehensively understand the problems of life adaption for elderly's relocation in advance and provide appropriate care in order to enhance life satisfaction and promote physiological and psychological health. The most important thing is to make individual live a meaningful and purposeful life in later life.

並列關鍵字

transition theory ； elderly ； long-term care facilities ； relocation stress syndrome ； life adaptatio

參考文獻

鄭綺、盧美秀（1997）。建構護理診斷和護理實務間的橋梁。護理雜誌，44(6)，53-57。

Huang, H. T., Chuang, Y. H., Hsueh, Y. H., Lin, P. C., Lee, B. O., & Chen, C. H. (2014). Depression in older residents with stroke living in long-term care facilities. Journal of 　　Nursing Research, 22(2), 111-118.

Davies, S. (2005). Meleis's theory of nursing transitions and relatives' experiences of nursing home entry. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(6), 658-671.

Faul, S., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41 (4), 1149-1160.

Gilbert, S., Amella, E., Edlund, B., & Nemeth, L. (2015). Making the Move: A Mixed Research Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel), 3(3), 757-774.