高齡者人格特質、生命意義與生活適應之關聯性研究

高齡者人格特質、生命意義與生活適應之關聯性研究摘要背景：依據衛福部2019年6月公布全國自殺死亡資料顯示，65歲以上老年人之粗死亡率占28.4％，是各年齡層最高。隨著傳統家庭結構及功能上的轉變，老年人在心理健康、生理功能日漸衰退，又即將面對個人的失落與死亡之議題。老年期階段若無法適應生活型態的改變，其個體將產生負面心理和情緒、人格情緒的轉變等。目的:在探討65歲(含)以上的高齡者對其人格特質、生命意義與生活適應之相互關聯性。方法：以中部地區65歲(含)以上的高齡者為研究對象，採用問卷調查法，測量問卷包括「個人基本資料」、「人格特質」、「生命意義量表」、「生活適應量表」。經過IRB同意後，共發放300人，有效回收237人。利用SPSS 22.0進行統計分析。結果：1.高齡者平均年齡為78.7±1.36歲，以女性(71.3%)、有子女者(95.4%)、子女數3人(30.44%)、國小(含)以下(36.7%)、已退休(77.6%)、退休年數5年(含)以下(44.3%)、已婚(65%)、經濟狀況普通(70.5%)、健康狀況普通(46.4%)、與子女居住(39.7%)、佛教(38.8%)最多。2.高齡者的人格特質為高等偏上程度、生命意義、生活適應為中等偏上程度。3.高齡者教育程度在人格特質具有顯著差異。4.高齡者經濟狀況、健康狀況在人格特質、生命意義及生活適應具有顯著差異。5.人格特質、生命意義、生活適應兩兩具有顯著正相關。6.高齡者人格特質、生命意義對生活適應具有顯著預測力。結論：高齡者的人格特質傾向正向樂觀、生命意義愈提昇、生活適應情形良好。人格特質、生命意義各構面對生活適應具有正向影響力。建議鼓勵中高齡者參與社區教育文化活動及創造高齡者就業機會，讓每位高齡者終有所養。關鍵字：高齡者、人格特質、生命意義、生活適應

關鍵字

高齡者；人格特質；生命意義；生活適應

並列摘要

Relations. hips among Personality traits, Meaning of life, and Life adaptation in senior citizens Abstract Background: According to the June 2019 statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the suicide rate for persons over the age of 65 was 28.4%. This percentage is the highest in all ages. With the changes of traditional family structures and functions, the declines of physical and psychological functions, or the issues of the death, if the senior citizens can not adapt to life changes, they will have negative psychological and emotional responses or change their personality. Aims: This study will investigate the relationships among personality traits, the meaning of life, and life adaptation of senior citizens. Methods: This study will recruit participants over the age of 65 in the central Taiwan and adopt questionnaire survey method, including personal information, personality traits, meaning of life scale, and life adaptation scale. After this study was approved by IRB, a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 237 were effectively collected. These data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0. Results: 1. The average age was 78.7±1.36 year old. Most of senior citizens were female (71.3%), having children (95.4%), elementary school and below (36.7%), retired (77.6%), 5-year of retired (44.3%), married (65%), normal economic status (70.5%), normal health status (46.4%), living with children (39.7%), and buddhist (38.8%). 2. The average of personality traits, the meaning of life and life adaptation were moderate and above. 3. Personality traits of senior citzens vary significantly in education level. 4. Personality traits, the meaning of life and life adaptation of senior citzens vary significantly in economic level and health status. 5. There are positive correlations among personality traits, the meaning of life and life adaptation. 6. Personality traits and the meaning in life may explain life adaptation among senior citzens. Conclusions: The personality trait tendency of the elderly is positive, the meaning of life is more improved, and the life adaptation to the situation is good. The dimensions of personality traits and the meaning of life are positive predictive factors to life adaptation. It is proposed to encourage the middle-aged and elderly to participate in community education and cultural activities and to create employment opportunities for the elderly so that every elderly person can finally be supported. Keyword：Senior citzens, Personality traits, the Meaning of life, Life adaptation

並列關鍵字

Senior citzens ； Personality traits ； the Meaning of life ； Life adaptation

參考文獻

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