「兒童及少年保護」的憲法建構：兼論我國網路內容分級規範的合憲性

Constructing the Protection of Minors from the Perspective of Constitutional Law: Together with a Discussion on the Constitutionality of Regulation of Content on the Internet

許育典(Yue-Dian Hsu) ； 郭兆軒(Chao-Hsuan Kuo)

《臺北大學法學論叢》 77期 (2011/03) Pp. 169-261

https://doi.org/10.6774/TULR.201103.0169

摘要

「兒童及少年保護」係指國家採取措施排除或限制干擾兒童及少年身心發展的危害來源，涉及國家權力的發動和行使，因此本文嘗試在法治國原則的框架下對其內涵作進一步探討。考量到德國實務與學說對此一主題有較爲長期的發展經驗，存有若干可供我國參考之處，故本文首先將整理分析該國聯邦憲法法院的相關裁判以及學術文獻上的重要見解。其次則把目光轉回我國，評釋司法院大法官的相關解釋，並藉助先前歸整出的德國憲法學理，補強大法官的既有見解。經此一探討過程，吾人可對「兒童及少年保護」的憲法建構取得更確切的掌握，其核心論點爲：兒少保護應直接以特定的憲法權利作爲兒少保護於我國憲法上的規範基礎，「兒少身心的完整發展」作爲兒少人格不可或缺的條件，應可涵攝到憲法第22條人格權的保障範圍中。此一憲法法益即可透過憲法權利主觀權利功能和客觀法功能的交織作用，獲得其於法秩序中的最大實現可能。立法者在履行其由此一憲法權利導出的義務時，自仍應遵循法治國原則就國家權力行使所設的諸多界限。本文最後將根據前述的探討結果，檢視我國現行法中爲達兒少保護目標而設的網路內容管制規範，以就其與憲法意旨不符之處提出若干修法建議，包括限制級網路內容的構成要件應交由法律予以規定並明確其文義、強化網路內容提供者組成自律組織遂行自我管制的制度誘因、主管機關國家通訊傳播委員會的委員組成應增列兒少教育或兒少福利專業領域的資格要件等等。

關鍵字

兒童及少年保護 ； 人格權 ； 通訊傳播自由 ； 兒童及少年福利法 ； 電腦網路內容分級處理辦法 ； 內容管制 ； 網路內容分級 ； 自我管制

並列摘要

This research studies the protection of minors from the perspective of constitutional law. Because the protection of children and youth as state enforcement must have the legitimacy according to the constitutional principle of rule of law. In order to make this study more convincing, it's necessary at first to introduce the relevant development in the germany, where since the 1950s there are many important discussions about this issue. Then, this article attempts to analyse the Judicial Yuan's interpretations and on the strength of germany's experience complement it's contents, which means fundamental that the protection of minors belongs to the guarantee of minor's personality right. Its constitutional basis is Article 22 of the Constitution. Therefore, the whole state's action about the protection of minors must be complied with this constitutional guarantee. It goes naturally not beyond the restrictions concluded from constitutional principle of rule of law like the test of proportionality. Finally, focus of this study is placed on the laws dealing with harmful informations on the internet. According to the constitutional construction of the protection of minors this article will provide some useful suggestions about the adjustment of the laws in the future such as the reinforcement of the self-regulation and the addition of children education or welfare experts to the National Communications Commission.

並列關鍵字

Protection of Minors ； Personality Right ； Freedom of Communication and Broadcast ； Children And Youth Welfarelaw ； Regulations Governing the Classification of Content on the Internet ； Content Regulation ； Classification of Content on the Internet ； Self-Regulation

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