未婚懷孕少女生育之福利需求與政策內涵：人文區位的分析

本研究探討未婚懷孕少女從懷孕到生下孩子的心路歷程、福利需求與政策內涵。以Bronfenbrenner(1979)的人文區位學和需求理論主軸，設計半結構式訪談十二位接受機構安置的未婚懷孕少女。研究發現有：（一）心路歷程為：(1)赫然發現懷孕－緊張、害怕、驚訝、否認、情緒起伏、擔憂；(2)決定維持紝娠－胎兒太大，不願成為創子手、體會到新生命帶來的可能性、婴兒性別決定、籌不出錢到黑市墮胎；(3)避免閒言閒語，還是到機構待產好；(4)既來之，則安之；(5)我有能力養育小孩子嗎？；(6)新角色的適應；(7)展望未來。（二）未婚懷孕少女的福利需求：安置期間，符合自己生活方式的居住需求、產後的居住安排協助、經濟需求、醫療需求、就學需求、就業需求、親職教育需求、心理諮商需求以及法律諮詢需求。（三）實務面，建議提供資源協助自立；钜視面，因應人口少子女化及特殊境遇婦女家庭扶助條例的修正放寬，建議推動國內收養制度，協助未婚懷孕少女與非婚生子女健康成長。

關鍵字

未婚懷孕少女；人文區位學；福利需求；處遇服務模式

並列摘要

This study, based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory and need theory, aims at exploring the experiences and welfare needs for the unwed teenage mothers. The researcher designed semi-structured questions and conducted one-to-one interviews with 12 teenage females who experienced pregnancy and became unwed teenage mothers. The results showed that when teenage females knew they were pregnant, the feelings they experienced included nervousness, fear, shock, denial, mood swings and worries. However they still decide to keep the babies because of the following reasons: 1. They didn’t want to have the guilty feeling of killing babies. 2. It was too late for abortion. 3. They desired to experience motherhood, 3. gender of the baby made the difference, and 4. They were not able to afford the abortion fees. The reasons they decided to stay in temporary mid-way shelters during pregnancy included: 1. They did not want others to know they were pregnant. 2. Their family members could not accept the fact of their pregnancy. 3. Their family members could not provide help in their pregnancy period. 4. They could receive proper care, and could have serene time for new life planning. While staying at shelters, they lived a routine life, but sometimes still felt lonely and bored. Although shelters provided care and security , these teenage pregnant females still had unsettled hearts. They pondered whether they had the ability to keep babies or should give up for adoption, or married with a born child. Findings also showed that some unwed teenage mothers first wanted to raise their own babies, but due to their young age and poor financial status, they finally gave up their babies for adoption. In addition, they also needed to decide whether they had to start working, return to school, or raise their own children. The needs unwed teenage mothers had were: proper living places, financial, medical, and educational provision, parenting skills, child welfare, counseling and law assistance.