兒少表意權在安置機構的實踐與挑戰

本研究主要目的在探討安置機構兒少表意權之實踐與挑戰，選取北部某家中長期兒少安置機構為研究對象，深入探討其運作及困境。運用深度訪談法選取6位工作員及7位安置兒少，研究結果以三種情境（外出申請、手機使用、活動參與）為例，歸納落實兒少表意權之執行原則包括：傾聽尊重、主動溝通、增強權能、個別化、團隊共識等。執行行動包含：（1）增加違規處理方式，提升負責能力；（2）透過討論對話，尋求家規合理調整；（3）設計多元參與機制，修訂家規政策；（4）共同討論生活議題，朝向平權關係；（5）提供多項選擇，增加自主決策；（6）協助兒少與關鍵成人反映意見。最後，研究建議：（1）定期規劃兒少表意主題之督導與培力；（2）調整照顧者及兒少間的關係與溝通；（3）創造以兒少為主體之對話空間；（4）辨識造成權利落實的侷限因素。

關鍵字

兒少意見被傾聽權利；兒童權利公約；兒童參與；安置機構；增強權能

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the practice and challenges of ＂The Right of the Child to Be Heard＂ in children residential care. The in-depth interview method was conducted with 6 care givers and 7 adolescents from a residential care facility. The research results applied to three situations: application for going out, mobile phone use, and activity participation. The principles of ＂the Right of Child to be Heard＂ were summarized, including: listening and respecting, active communication, empowerment, individualization, and team consensus. In addition, the practical actions include: (1) enhancing children's ability to deal with violations by different methods; (2) seeking reasonable adjustments to the family rules via discussion and dialogue; (3) designing multiple participation mechanisms to adjust the family rules; (4) discussing the issues of daily living; (5) providing different choices to increase the opportunities of decision-making; (6) enhancing children to reflect their opinions to key person. Based on these finding, suggestions for future practice include: (1) planning a regular supervision and training system to create a friendly space for dialogue; (2) continuing to adjust the relationship and communication between caregivers and children; (3) creating a child-based dialogue space; (4) identifying the factors that may limit the implementation of rights.

並列關鍵字

child's participation ； Convention on the Rights of the Child ； empowerment ； residential care ； The Right of the Child to Be Heard

參考文獻

陳旺德、陳伯偉、林昱瑄（2020）。〈培力還是侷限？：兒少安置機構、慣習形塑與階級效應〉，《臺大社會工作學刊》，42，1-55。https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr.202012_(42).0001 【Chen, W.-D., Chen, B.-W., & Lin, Y.-H. (2020). Empowerment or constraint? Residential child and youth care, habitus of the service user, and class effect. NTU Social Work Review, 42, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr.202012_(42).0001】

彭淑華（2006）。〈保護為名，權控為實？：少年安置機構工作人員的觀點分析〉，《東吳社會工作學報》，15，1-36。https://doi.org/10.29734/SJSW.200612.0001 【Pong, S.-H. (2006). Protection or control?: An analysis of workers’ views on youth residential placement. Soochow Journal of Social Work, 15, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.29734/SJSW.200612.0001】

McCafferty, P. (2017). Implementing article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in child protection decision-making: A critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities for social work. Child Care in Practice, 23(4), 327-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2016.1264368

McLeod, A. (2007). Whose agenda? Issues of power and relationship when listening to looked-after young people. Child & Family Social Work, 12(3), 278-286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2007.00493.x

Sanders, R., & Mace, S. (2006). Agency policy and the participation of children and young people in the child protection process. Child Abuse Review, 15(2), 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.927

國際替代計量

兒少表意權在安置機構的實踐與挑戰

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