書符與靈驗：天師門下的密契經驗

道教符籙派以龍虎山天師府所傳符篆為正宗，歷代天師均嚴守規制，在日常時間練氣集神，內煉而應外。書寫符篆前齋戒沐浴，澡潔身心；然後精嚴用具，一氣呵成。天師所傳的符秘，被視為符法正宗的原因，就是類別完整，凡有鎮壓、請召、醫治、芟邪四大類，而在功用上則依初限、二限、三限而各符所用。唯在書符上講究精氣神的專注頗為一致，符咒並用，在持咒之後啟請召將、具職、密咒，所書符形儼如一身：將宇宙聚形於一符，而散形則為每一構成體。基於用符的類別各有啟請、主將、主法均因職司而顯現神功。故地方民眾依俗至道壇請符，其社會身分並不因教育、知識而有別，總以靈驗為主，相信用符能有不可思議的感應。乃以諸般用符例證彰顯符法之秘妙，今至科學時代亦可印證其訊息傳遞，符合宗教學中的密契體驗。

關鍵字

符籙；書符；正一派；符命

並列摘要

The Fulu School (符籙派) of the Daoist religion regards the talismans (符篆) passed on by the Tianshi Fu (天師府) of Lunghu Shan (龍虎山) as orthodox. Throughout history, Daoist masters have strictly followed the regulations in their daily practice of qi and concentration of spirit, according to such inner cultivation and external action. Before inscribing talismans, they usually fast and take a bath, thus purifying their body and mind. Then, they proceed to write, completing the task in one go. The main reason why these secret talismans have been esteemed as authentic is that their categories are comprehensive, encompassing the four major categories: spiritual suppression, invitation, healing, and exorcism. Further, the effective limit of each talisman is classified in a system of three grades. In composing the talisman the practitioner concentrates his spirit such that talisman and incantation are both impregnated. After making the incantation, the spiritual summons, assignment and secret incantation are installed in one depiction, in an attempt to enclose the universe in one talisman, while uniquely depicting each functional configuration. In accordance with the category of each talisman, the manifestation of spiritual power comprises a specific summons, spiritual force and method. Hence, grounded upon their spiritual experience, rather than their education and knowledge, local people follow the tradition and go to the Daoist temple for the inscription of talismans. They believe that these formulas possess remarkable effects. Indeed, even in the present scientific age, one can testify to their amazing powers, as well as to their ability to transmit spiritual messages, coinciding, therefore, with the mystical experience of religious studies.