全真道祖師王重陽的真性思想與儒、佛會通

宋、金之際，全真道祖師王重陽（1113-1170）處於漢人與女真政權轉換的大變動時代。他的出家入道，成立一個改革舊道教的清修道派，開創了道教史上新的一頁。祖師於金大定七至十年間（1167-1170）創教，原有融合三教為一家的意圖，至今其道教的屬性已至為明顯。全真道擷取儒、釋、道三教精義的最大特色，是從中找到了人類共通的性靈－真性，其內涵涉及本初性靈的存在。有別於哲學詮釋的精神，本論文是根據明編《正統道藏》中收錄的王重陽傳記，閱讀參考王重陽本人的著作《重陽全真集》以及後代全真道士編集的《重陽真人金關玉鎖訣》等可以代表其思想的口訣和語錄，從思想史的研究角度探討王重陽的真性思想，再與儒、釋的心性之學比較，以明瞭其調和三者、融會貫通之處。

關鍵字

全真道；王重陽；融合三教；真性；心性之學

並列摘要

During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Quanzhen School (Complete Reality) founder Wang Chongyang (1113-1170) lived in a time of great turmoil while the political power transferred from the Hans to the Nuchens. He entered into Taoism, established a school which reformed the old Taoist religion and marked a new page in the history of Taoism. The founder created this religion in the Jin dynasty between 1113AD-1170AD. He had the intention to melt the three religions into one, and until now the character of his taoism had been clearly recognised. The Quanzhen School has absorbed the main features of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism essential meanings, and found the common innate quality (nature and soul) of human beings, true nature. Its concern implies the existence of original nature and soul. This article is based on multiples sources: ”the biography of Wang Chongyang”, collected in the ”Daozang” edited in Ming Dynasty; ”the Anthology of Complete Perfection by Chongyang” written by Wang Chongyang himself; works by latter Quanzhen taoists such as, ”Chongyang Zhenren Jinguan yusuojue”, anthologies, formulas, written records of lectures which can represent his thoughts. Different from the philosophical explication, the purpose is to study the true nature thoughts of Wang Chongyang from the perspective of the history of ideas, and to compare it with the nature mind of Confucianism and Buddhism, to understand the conciliation between the three and their common value.