「分配正義」還是「形式正義」？身心障礙作為福利身分與歧視的雙重意涵

Distributive Justice, or Formal Justice? The Double Implications of Disability as a Basis of Welfare Entitlement and Discrimination

洪惠芬(Hui-Fen Hung)

《臺灣社會福利學刊》 10卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 93-160

https://doi.org/10.6265/TJSW.2012.10(2)2

摘要

2012年起臺灣將採用WHO的ICF作為身障的定義與分類架構，現行身障鑑定體系將有巨幅的調整。政府已投入相當多的資源為新鑑定體系作準備。然而ICF並不純粹是一套用來判定人們能否取得身障的身分、並評估其福利需要的工具。身障團體對ICF最大的期許是希望藉此扭轉整個社會普遍對身障者的偏見與歧視。他們的期待顯然與政府目前將ICF設想成一套更合理的身障鑑定與資源評估工具的立場存在落差。我們認為這種落差反映了身障這個概念在當代社會的雙重意涵。一方面身障作為福利身分，是現代社會配置福利資源的重要依據。同時身障也是社會對身體有損傷者的「壓制」。兩種意涵除了代表對身障者處境的不同解釋立場外，彼此對身障者也有的不同願景：前者為「分配正義」，後者是「形式正義」。本文將以文獻整理與分析的方式去回顧不同社會歷史與論述脈絡底下身障概念的雙重意涵，並在文末對臺灣相關政策進行初步檢視。

關鍵字

身心障礙 ； 社會模式 ； 依賴 ； 歧視 ； 形式正義與分配正義

並列摘要

Begin in 2012, Taiwan is adopting ICF as the major assessment tool to define and categories of disability conditions on disabled population, under which the current arrangement of the identification of disabled persons will be transformed. The government has already invested budgetary and other resources in preparing the new system of disability identification. However, the ICF should not be viewed as a mere tool to identify disabled persons and to assess their welfare needs. The NGOs expect to use the ICF to alter the widespread prejudice and discrimination against disabled persons in society. Their expectation differs from the government's assumption that the ICF is a useful tool of disability identification and needs assessment. Such a disagreement reflects the double implications of disability in contemporary society. On the one hand, disability as a basis of welfare entitlement is a political solution to allocate welfare resource to people with disabilities. On the other hand, from social model perspective, disability means the social oppression of the impaired persons. These two implications not only explain disability differently but they also have different visions of disabled people: the former stands for ”distributive justice”; the latter believes in ”formal justice.” This article uses the method of literature review and analysis to examine the double implications of the concept of disability in various social, historical, discourse contexts, and examines the relevant policies in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Disability ； Social model ； Dependency ； Discrimination ； Formal justice and distributive justice

參考文獻

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呂朝賢()。,未出版。

林萬億()。,未出版。