孔子的孝道觀析論

Analysis of Confucian Idea of Filial Piety

毛炳生(Ping-Sang Mo)

《東方人文學誌》 9卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 39-58

https://doi.org/10.6389/OH.201003.0039

摘要

孝道是中國傳統的倫理思想，亦為儒家所倡導。身為儒家代表的孔子，既為一集大成人物，他對於孝道的觀念為何？有哪些具體論述？實在值得關注。本文試根據《論語》所出現有關孔子孝的言論，逐一分析，希望因此能掌握孔子的孝道精神。經分析之後，筆者認為，孔子的孝道精神在於「敬」和「禮」，而以「敬」為第一義。以「敬」言孝，既能扣緊由心而發的仁德，又能外顯於禮的具體呈現。「禮」應放在守禮的原則上，而不是刻板遵守儀文。

關鍵字

孝道 ； 禮 ； 里仁 ； 敬 ； 幾諫 ； 祭祀

並列摘要

Filial piety is the Chinese tradition ethics thought that is also the thought which the Confucianism takes seriously. Confucius is a representative of Confucianism. What is his idea of filial piety, and which does he have to elaborate? It is worth us paying attention. According to the material of ”Confucian analects,” this paper tries to analyze his opinion one by one. After analysis, the author believes that the main Confucian filial piety is ”jing” (respect) and ”Li” (propriety). ”Jing” is the first meaning. Starting everything from ”jing”, all explicit in the act of filial piety, they would naturally in the festival, the so-called ”no violation,” ”a few admonish,” ”have a fixed place,” cares about parent's age and so on, are all covered really do not have to delve into the details. Rigidly adheres the details, over-extension, but misunderstood the spirit of Confucius.

並列關鍵字

filial piety ； jing 敬 ； li 禮 ； le jin 里仁 ； a few admonish ； sacrifice