晚清書學使筆論

A Study on "Shih Pi" of the Calligraphy Theory in the Late Qing Dynasty

劉鑒毅(Chien-Yi Liu)

《東方人文學誌》 9卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 217-238

https://doi.org/10.6389/OH.201009.0217

摘要

書學中之使筆，乃指書寫時之運指、運腕、運肘、運臂與運全身之力。晚清書學中之使筆，繼承晚明以來強調之肘腕之運，仍以主張肘腕之運以盡全身之力為主，然亦不偏廢運指。晚清諸家如包世臣、朱和羹與周星蓮，受傳統帖學之影響，主張使筆當使指、腕、肘自然相應，包世臣尤強調筆隨指轉之指運為古法。至於何紹基、陳介祺、姚孟起與康有為等碑派書家，則主張指死腕活，強調肘腕之運，指不動可使筆鋒保持中正，反對帖學家運指之筆力靡弱與筆鋒易於偏側。晚清遺老如沈曾植、鄭孝胥、李瑞清與曾熙等，既能正視肘腕之運所成點畫線條之單一性與粗放之弊，復受書法商品化，市場經濟通俗化之審美趣尚所影響，故以碑學融入帖學之流美，使筆亦以腕運兼取指運。晚清書學使筆論之發展演變，顯示晚清碑學始由理論奠基，發展為尊碑抑帖，最終走向碑帖融合之發展趨勢。

關鍵字

晚清書論 ； 使筆 ； 掌指之運 ； 肘腕之運

並列摘要

In calligraphy research, it refers to write by using hang strength, write by using wrist, write by using elbow, write by using arm and write by using whole body that ”Shih pi”. ”Shih pi” in the calligraphy theory of late Qing, inherit ”Writing by using elbow and wrist strength” emphasized since later period of Ming Dynasty, but does not totally object to ”write by using hang strength”. Pao ShiChen, Chu HeKeng and Zhou XingLian is influenced by ”Tieh Hsueh”, emphasize it when using of Chinese writing brush, the cooperation that the finger, wrist and elbow can be natural that make. ”Pei Pai” calligraphic masters such as He ShaoJi, Chen ChiehChi, Yao MengChi and Kang YouWei, emphasize ”Write by using elbow and wrist strength”, maintain it can make the tip of a writing brush keep the centre that the finger is not moved. They object to the force of calligraphy weakness and the tip of a writing brush is not straight that ”write by using hang strength” cause. Such calligraphists as Chen TsengChih, Zheng XiaoXu, Li RuiQing and TsengHsi, they can see on one hand ”write by using elbow and wrist strength” shortcoming, commercialize calligraphy on one hand, influence of market economy popularization, incorporate ”Tieh Hsueh” with ”Pei Hsueh”, talk about ”Shih pi” emphasis ”Write by using elbow and wrist strength” and ”Write by using hang strength” and use. Development of ”Shih pi” in the calligraphy theory of late Qing, reveal late Qing ”Pei Hsueh” moves towards the development trend of ”Pei Tieh Jung Ho” from ”Tsun Pei I Tieh”.

並列關鍵字

Calligraphy theory in the Late Qing Dynasty ； Shih pi ； Write by using hang strength ； Write by using elbow and wrist strength