Factors Related to Self-Concept of Elderly Residing in a Retirement Center

本篇研究目的在探討居住退休中心老人的自我概念，及其相關因素，如日常功能活動，自覺健康狀況與基本資料等。選案為立意取樣，個案為取自台南某一老人退休中心年滿六十五歲之老人，另取居住在家老人為對照。個案皆具溝通能力，且志願參與，共65位（退休中心個案組＝37，對照組＝28）完成問卷調查。以中文版田納西自我概念量表及中文版老人多元功能問卷中日常活動能力量表之十四項目，分別測其自我概念及日常活動功能。資料以SPSS套裝統計軟休10.0版進行描述性及迴歸分析。研究結果發現：(1)居住在退休中心老人在個人自我與家庭自我的分項分數有較低情形；(2)日常活動功能、自覺身體狀況和性別對整體自我概念有影響；(3)女性個案在道德倫理、家庭自我、社會自我、自我認同、滿足自我方面等分項的分數顯著高於男性個案。研究結果可提供設計合適的活動課程，以增加居住在退休中心老人與他人的互動及建立新的社交網，進而促進正向的自我概念。

關鍵字

自我概念；日常功能活動；自覺健康狀況

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the self-concept of elderly adults residing in retirement centers as well as its relation ship to other variables, including function of activities of daily living (ADL), subjective well being, etc. Selected demo graphic attributes (sex, age, years of education etc.) were also examined for their relation ship to self-concept. The subjects were a convenience sample of people aged 65 or older who were recruited from a retirement center in the south of Tai wan (N(subscript _)=42), and a control group of elderly living with their family (N(subscript _)=33). The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) was used to mea sure self-concept. The Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire Chinese Version (MFAQ) was applied to mea sure the function of activities of daily living. A total of 37 subjects from the retirement center group and 28 subjects from the home group completed these question naires. The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC soft ware version 10.0. After multiple linear regression analysis, the results showed that he elderly residing in the retirement center had significantly lower Personal Self and Family Self scores. The variables of ADL, sex and subjective well-being had effects on the total self-concept. Female elderly individuals also revealed significant higher scores than males in the subscales of Moral-Ethical, Family Self, Social Self, Identity, Satisfaction Self. These results suggest we should design appropriate programs to increase elderly people’ sinter action with others and establish new social net works for them which may enhance a sense of positive self-concept.

並列關鍵字

self-concept ； ac tiv ities of daily liv ing ； sub jec tive well-being

參考文獻

Aitken, M. J.(1982).Self-concept and functional independence in the hospitalized elderly.American Journal of Occupational Therapy.36(4)

Google Scholar

Antonelli, E., Rubini, V., Fassone, C.(2000).The self-concept in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly people.Journal of Environmental Psychology.20