試論《漢書‧公孫弘卜式兒寬傳》人物形象與合傳原因

A study on the three figures-Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan-in the ＂History of the Han Dynasty＂ and the reasons why the three figures are put together in the History of the Han Dynasty

黃世錦(Shi-jin Huang)

《逢甲人文社會學報》 36期 (2018/06) Pp. 33-75

摘要

《漢書‧公孫弘卜式兒寬傳》，對其合傳原因，史家歷來仁智互見，眾說紛紜，論見莫衷一是。此外，對班固撰作《漢書》，將三人合傳適當與否，學者間仍有見仁見智的看法。本文撰旨，在透過《漢書》本傳三者人物形象之勾勒，以豁顯三者人格形象；藉由本傳文本的分析，以探索班固將三人合傳的原因。本文分析公孫弘人物形象：諂媚人主，善觀時變；自奉儉樸，沽名釣譽；意忌內深，睚眥必報；知止進退，居安慮危。分析卜式人物形象：友于兄弟，善於耕牧；彰顯己能，以財干祿；維護私利，打擊政敵。分析兒寬人物形象：儒者出身，號為循吏；與議封禪，阿諛人主。此外，本文分析班固將三人合傳的原因，將之歸納為五點。班史將公孫弘、卜式、兒寬三人合傳，乃是著眼於三者：「畜牧出身同」、「遭遇明時同」、「曲以阿主同」、「位致三公同」、「善始善終同」五點原因。

關鍵字

《史記》 ； 《漢書》 ； 卜式 ； 公孫弘 ； 兒寬

並列摘要

Historians have failed to agree on the reasons why the three figures - Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan - are placed together in the History of the Han Dynasty. Different viewpoints and opinions have been proposed to analyze why the History of the Han Dynasty was compiled to include the three figures, but there have been no generally accepted reasons agreed upon by all scholars. Meanwhile, the appropriateness of the History of the Han Dynasty authored by Ban Gu compiled to include Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan remains an issue to many scholars as well. As such, this study aims to explore the Main Edition of the History of the Han Dynasty to highlight the characteristics of the three figures and find out the reasons why the three figures - Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan - are put together in the History of the Han Dynasty. This study concludes with the characteristics of Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan as follows: Gong Sun Hong:.Flattering the ruler and capricious to keep up with the times;.Appearing to be frugal and pursues fame;.Bearing grudges and seeking revenge for the smallest grievance; Aware of the situation and vigilant in peace time. Bu Shi:.Friendly to friends and good at agriculture; Showing his talents and using his wealth to pursues fame; Attacking his political opponents to maintain private profit. Ni Kuan: A scholar of Confucianism at first and then a law-abiding official; Seemingly open to discuss about issues with other officials but actually flattering the ruler. Meanwhile, this study analyzes the reasons why the three figures - Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan - are put together in the History of the Han Dynasty and 5 reasons are found. Ban Gu put the three figures - Gong Sun Hong, Bu Shi, and Ni Kuan-together because the three of them were: Born of animal husbandry; Had similar experiences; Accustomed to flattering; Took the positions of the three ducal ministers; Began well and ended well when they were taking on government jobs.

並列關鍵字

Historical Records ； the History of the Han Dynasty ； Bu Shi ； Gong Sun Hong ； Ni Kuan

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