家長特質對自費子宮頸癌疫苗接種之行為意圖影響效果

The Effects of the Parents' Demographic Factors on Intentions toward Adolescent Cervical Cancer Vaccination

潘豐泉(Frank F. C. Pan) ； 黃俊英(Jyun-Ying Huang) ； 蘇惠甘(Hui-Kan Su)

《寶建醫護與管理雜誌》 10卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.29681/PCJHM.201212.0002

摘要

子宮頸癌高居台灣婦女癌症之第二位，每年約900多名婦女死於子宮頸癌，也是威脅全世界婦女健康的主要疾病，而人類乳突病毒（HPV）正是元兇。定期抹片檢查與依醫囑接種HPV疫苗是預防子宮頸癌的積極作法。世界衛生組織建議公費疫苗接種對象為尚未發生性行為或9至13歲少女，國內目前衛生署核准9至26歲女性施打HPV疫苗。計畫行為理論以行為態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制三個構面解釋與預測人類行為與意圖，在健康行為之應用範圍廣泛且具有高度解釋力。本研究以此理論為基礎加入攸關各人健康行為之健康知能做為研究模式。本研究以屏東縣地區家中有在學國中女生，年齡11歲以上之家長為研究對象，共抽取412份有效樣本。樣本來源以市區學校、女性家長、已婚、年齡31-50、閩南背景、受過高中以上教育、月收入2萬至6萬、一般受薪公私立機關員工為主。分析結果對於施打HPV疫苗之意圖，在人口變項上均無顯著差異，但與學校所在地有差異。受訪者對HPV種行為之態度、主觀規範、自覺控制、健康知能對行為意圖均具解釋力。本研究建議應區分特定市場區隔，透過衛生教育與社區訪問之途徑，進行非價格溝通，影響其行為意圖；另外，意見亦政府應重視有意願但無能力負擔之國民的此項需求。

關鍵字

子宮頸癌 ； HPV疫苗 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 青少年女性

並列摘要

Cervical cancer, the major threat to the female health around the world, is the second cause account for the female death that killed around 900 women in Taiwan. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was said the major factor that leads to the cervical cancer. In response to such a threat, the Pap smear and the HPV vaccinating were generally accepted as the most effective methods. The World Health Organization suggested providing free vaccination to girls aged between 9 and 13 years old. Taiwan government proofed the HPV vaccinating for females aged between 9 and 26. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) used three independent variables, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control to predict a targeted behavior and intention, and had been proved having high reliability. This research adopted the variables of TPB as well as the concept of health literacy to explore intentions of the parents who has teenaged girls in getting an HPV vaccination. Samples are the parents of female students of junior schools in Pingtung County. 412 valid responses gathered and analyzed. Samples were mainly composed by those female, married, aged between 31-50, Ming Nan background, high school and above educated, general employee of private and public sectors, and with family income 20,000 to 60,000 per month. The test result indicated that intention of getting an HPV vaccination was not varying along with demographic factors and social-economic status, yet varying with the location of the school the girl affiliated. Intentions had significant relations with health literacy and the amount of co-payment for HPV vaccinating. The current research revealed that the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control associated with the HPV vaccinating behavior, as well as levels of the health literacy significantly affected the magnitude of such behavioral intention respectively and in an integrated manner. Social economic status had no significant effects on intention. This research suggested to identify the proper market segments, and to communicate with non-monetary information through health education programs or community interviews. In addition, the government should seriously respond to the need of low income nationals who were not afford to bear the co-payment of an HPV vaccination.

並列關鍵字

Cervical cancer ； HPV vaccine ； theory of planned behavior ； female adolescent