臺灣中學桌球運動員心理技能之研究

A Study on the Table Tennis Players' Psychological Skills in Secondary Schools of Taiwan

莊玉鈴(Yu-Ling Chuang) ； 朱昌勇(Chang-Yong Chu)

《高應科大體育》 10期 (2011/11) Pp. 181-191

https://doi.org/10.29889/KUASPE.201111.0017

摘要

桌球運動屬於開放性與個人性運動項目，運動員除了體能、技術與戰術外，心理因素佔有重要之影響力。本研究以參加2010年臺北市蝴蝶盃桌球錦標賽之中學桌球運動員為研究對象，以邱玉惠（2000）所編製之「運動員心理技能量表」（Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory, APSI）為研究工具，進行心理技能之比較研究。經由統計分析後，得以下研究結果：一、臺灣中學桌球運動員的心理技能優劣，依序為「可教導性」、「動機」、「壓力處理與逆境調適」、「專注」、「自信心」，其中，「國中組」之優劣排序為：「可教導性」、「專注」、「動機」、「壓力處理與逆境調適」、「自信心」；「高中組」之優劣排序為：「可教導性」、「動機」、「壓力處理與逆境調適」、「專注」、「自信心」。二、「國中組」運動員在「專注」層面顯著高於「高中組」運動員；「男性」在「自信心」層面顯著高於「女性」；每週訓練時數為「21小時（含）以上」者，在心理技能之「動機」與「專注」層面，顯著高於每週訓練時數為「20小時（含）以下」之桌球運動員；「有全國性比賽經歷」運動員之「動機」得分顯著高於「無全國性比賽經歷」運動員之得分。此外，不同球齡之桌球運動員在心理技能各層面均未達顯著差異。期望本研究之研究結果能提供教練與運動員參考，作為加強與重視心理技能訓練之依據，以提升運動員之運動成績表現。

關鍵字

桌球 ； 中學 ； 桌球運動員 ； 心理技能

並列摘要

Table tennis includes open skill sports and individual event. Besides physical fitness, skills and tactics, sport players' psychological factors play an important role. The study treated secondary school table tennis players attending Taipei Butterfly Cup Table Tennis Tournament of 2010 as the subject, and adopted the ”Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory, APSI” designed by Chiu(2000) to conduct the comparative research on psychological skills. After the statistical analysis, the results reveal that:1. The strengths and weaknesses of the psychological skills of secondary school table tennis players of Taiwan are ”coachability”, ”motivation”, ”peaking under pressure and coping with adversity”, ”concentration”, and ”confidence” (in sequence). Among which, those of ”junior high school group” are: ”coachability”, ”concentration”, ”motivation”, ”peaking under pressure and coping with adversity”, and ”confidence” (in sequence). Those of ”senior high school group” are: ”coachability”, ”motivation”, ”peaking under pressure and coping with adversity”, and ”concentration”, ”confidence” (in sequence).2. The score of ”concentration” of the sport players of ”junior high school group” is slightly higher than that of ”senior high school group”. ”Males” appear to have higher ”confidence” than ”females”. The scores of ”motivation” and ”concentration” of psychological skills of those who undergo the weekly training ”more than 21 hours” are slightly higher than those who undergo the weekly training ”no more than 20 hours”. The score of ”motivation” of the sport players who ”have national competition experiences” is higher than those who have no relevant experiences. In addition, there is no significant difference found in each plane of psychological skills among the table tennis players with different ages.The findings can provide references for coaches and table tennis players. Based on it, psychological skills training may be strengthened and emphasized so that the performance of sport players will be enhanced.

並列關鍵字

Table Tennis ； Secondary Schools ； Table Tennis Players ； Psychological Skills