跆拳道女性運動員三聯症之盛行率研究

江育琦(Yi-Chi Chiang) ； 張瑞泰(Ray-Tai Chang)

《高應科大體育》 13期 (2014/12) Pp. 215-225

摘要

女性從事運動有很多好處，包括體態變好及增加健康，然而，運動選手卻有可能發生女性運動員三聯症，這裡指的是可動用能量會影響到月經功能和骨密度的高低症狀，在臨床上，這些分別為飲食異常、閉經及骨質疏鬆症。本研究主要在探討女性運動員三聯症在台灣地區跆拳道女性運動選手的盛行率，共有110位受試者，平均年齡17.07±2.95歲，飲食異常者17.3%，月經不規律包含閉經者42.2%，同時具有飲食異常與月經不規律兩項症狀者10.0%，只有兩位選手同時具有飲食異常、閉經及骨密度低下三項症狀，佔1.8%。由於女性運動員三聯症的症狀並不是很明顯，篩察與診斷是非常具有挑戰性的，引起女性運動員三聯症的主因是可動用能量過低，而造成可動用能量過低有可能是無意、有意或是心理疾病，對於強調體瘦型運動的女性要特別注意限制飲食的情況，對於預防女性運動運動員三聯症，選手、家長、教練以及管理人員對於女性運動員三聯症的識別非常重要，教練應該改變方式以勸阻不當的減重，以降低女性運動員三聯症發生。

關鍵字

飲食異常 ； 閉經 ； 骨質疏鬆症

並列摘要

Physical activity in females has numerous positive benefits, including improved body image and overall health. Unfortunately, a select population of exercising females may experience symptoms related to the ＂female athlete triad,＂ which refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. Clinically, these conditions can manifest as disordered eating behaviors, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The study's purpose was to evaluate prevalence of the female athlete triad among some Taiwan taekwondo athletes. We evaluated a total of 110 athletes with a mean age of 17.07±2.95 year old. A total of 17.3% reported Eating disorder, 42.2% athletes reported menstrual irregularity and amenorrhea, 10.0% athletes reported eating disorder and menstrual irregularity. Only two athletes (1.8%) had all three common clinical manifestations of the Triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularity, and low bone mineral density). Because clinical manifestations of the Triad are not always apparent, screening for the diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Low energy availability appears to be the factor that impairs reproductive and skeletal health in the Triad, and it may be inadvertent, intentional, or psychopathological. Restrictive eating behaviors practiced by girls and women in sports or physical activities that emphasize leanness are of special concern. For prevention and early intervention, education of athletes, parents, coaches, trainers, administrators is a priority. Coaches should also consider rule changes to discourage unhealthy weight loss practices, and reduce the incidence of female athlete triad.

並列關鍵字

Eating disorder ； Amenorrhea ； Osteoporosis