跳遠選手擺動腿動作對起跳過程影響之研究

The Influence of Free Leg Motion of Long Jumpers on Performance

黃宏春(Huang, Hong Chun) ； 李亞瑾(Lee, Ya Chin)

《高應科大體育》 15期 (2016/12) Pp. 238-248

摘要

本研究主要探討男女跳遠選手起跳時擺動腿動作對成績表現之影響。以三部每秒60張畫面的攝影機，拍攝102年全國運動會跳遠決賽男、女各八位選手作為受試者，以Dempster(1955)14個肢段、21個關節點的人體模型，透過Kwon3D動作分析器實施分析。結果與結論：一、女子在蹬伸階段與成績達高度相關(r=0.529,p＜.05)，即較高的重心起跳高度將有利於成績的表現。二、最後一步擺動腿膝關節角度，男子在緩衝時與水平速度達顯著相關意義(r=0.775, p＜.05)，較大的緩衝膝關節角度將能減少水平速度的損失。三、支撐階段擺動腿膝關節角度女子在起跳蹬伸階段與水平、垂直速度及成績均達顯著負相關意義(r=-0.802、r=-0.718, P＜.05)，起跳蹬伸時較小膝關節角度能增加垂直速度，提高成績的獲得。四、擺動腿角速度在支撐階段緩衝期大於蹬伸期，僅女子在緩衝期與垂直速度及成績達高度相關意義(r=0.675、r=0.636, p＜.05)，即緩衝階段快速擺動腿動作將對垂直速度與成績表現有所影響。五、起跳腿與擺動腿夾角變化女子在支撐階段緩衝期與垂直速度達顯著相關(r=0.730, p＜.05)，亦即較大二腿角度能提昇垂直速度。六、男女擺動腿擺動幅度與起跳腿髖關節在緩衝階段達中高度相關意義(r=0.556, r=0.677,p＜.05)，顯示擺動幅度越大將能增加起跳腿伸髖動作，對提昇起跳效果有正面意義。建議：加強緩衝期擺動腿擺動角速度與幅度的訓練，將有利於垂直速度的獲得，提高成績表現。

關鍵字

跳遠 ； 擺動腿 ； 起跳腿

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to analyze male and female long jumpers' free leg motion in takeoff phase. This study used three cameras with a speed of 60 frames per second (Sony) to record the jumpers performance in the 2013 International Track and Field Competition. According the Dempster model(1955) to record 14-segments and 21-joint points on the jumper's performance through the Kwon3D analysis software to analyze the dates. First, for female jumpers, the grades are highly related to the push off phase. It means a higher center of gravity in taking off is advantageous to jumpers' performance. Second, for the angle of the knee joint at the free leg swinging, the horizontal speed is extremely meaningful to male jumpers in buffering. A larger knee joint agle in buffering will decrease the loss of horizontal speed . Third, for female jumpers, the angle of knee joint in free leg during taking off and pushing off has a negative relation to the horizontal and vertical speed as well as the grades. A smaller angle of knee joint during taking and pushing off will increase the vertical speed and improve their performance. Fourth, the angle of the moving leg during the support phase was bigger than that during the push-off phase, and, during the buffer phase, the angle of the moving leg correlated significantly with the performance for female(r=0.675、r=0.636, p＜.05). That is to say the fast -moving motions of the moving leg during the buffer phase would influence performance. Fifth, changes in the angle of the take-off leg and the moving leg were significantly correlated with the vertical velocity during the support phase for female (r=0.730, p＜.05), which means a bigger angle of the two legs contributed to the increase of vertical velocity. Sixth , the moving degree of the moving leg achieved high-intermediate correlation with the hip-joint of the take-off leg, which indicates that the greater the moving degree is, the better the hip-stretching motion of the take-off leg is. It has positive meaning on the elevation of the take-of effect. Suggestion: To reinforce the training on the free leg swing speed and angle during buffering phase will be helpful in getting the vertical speed and a better performance.

並列關鍵字

Long Jump ； Free leg ； Takeoff leg