The "Strange Eruption" in Hamlet: Shakespeare's Psychoanalytic Vision

《哈姆雷特》中的“怪異爆發”：莎士比亞的精神分析靈象

Chung-Hsuan Tung

《intergrams》 2007年 (2007/01) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.6387/INTERGRAMS.200701.0002

摘要

莎翁深知人性，在《哈姆雷特》中，對「男恆爭女」的性靈，所体現之特殊見地，似乎與現代精神分析學說不謀而合：男孩在家中受父權壓制，戀母情節未了而心理未真正成熟時，容易憂鬱而產生人格分裂。本篇論文以佛洛伊德、容格、拉岡等人的心理分析術語和觀念，重新詮釋莎翁在《哈姆雷特》中描繪何種「怪異爆發」，同時對劇中一些傳統問題提出看法。

關鍵字

有意識、無意識 ； 戀母情節 ； 超我、自我、遺德 ； 裡蔽躲 ； 集体無意識 ； 基型 ； 表我、動魅、潛影 ； 意象界、象徵界 ； 茹爽 ； 父權体制

並列摘要

Shakespeare is indeed the poet of nature. He knows the ”deep psychology” of humanity. In his vision, as shown in Hamlet, men often ”war” for women. In the family, the son is a ”Ham-let” whose libidinous Id is repressed by both his spiritual father (Super-Ego) and his corporeal father (shadow) and whose Ego is pulled be-tween the two fathers as between his good angel and his bad angel. As the son is not yet weaned from his Oedipus complex, he cannot achieve individuation, thus psycho-logically still staying in the Imaginary Order though he is already immersed in the Symbolic Order. In the play we see a split Hamlet whose conscious self is in conflict with his unconscious self, while his persona appears sanely above and his true ego hides madly below, attracted by his anima Gertrude, who is occasionally displaced by Ophelia, and repressed by his fathers. Thus, the play is Hamlet's ”strange eruption,” which comes from the attraction and the repression. And thus the play is not a tradi-tional revenge tragedy, but a new revenge tragedy in which the revenge is upon one-self and suicide is a jouissance. This fact, then, can account for the hero's inactivity or delay in taking vengeance, and can bring forth the playwright's particular vision regarding the theme of war and woman in its sexual and symbolic aspects.

並列關鍵字

consciousness vs. unconsciousness ； the Oedipus complex ； Su-per-Ego/Ego/Id ； libido ； condensation and displacement ； female/yonic vs. male/phallic symbols ； the collective unconscious ； archetype ； persona/anima/sh

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