試論戰爭創傷患者奧德修斯的敘述展演：運動治療的賡續及身體的思與辯

瑞思（William H. Race）提醒了我們奧德修斯抵達費阿克斯國度後身為「病患」的可能性，並指出費阿克斯王阿基諾俄斯扮演了「治療師」的角色。但本研究認為，瑞思對「運動」及「敘述」用於治療奧德修斯的觀點有其合理性，卻忽略了古希臘文化脈絡中該二者作為英雄美德的表徵及其互聯的關係。據此，本研究將特別聚焦於奧德修斯的敘述治療，指出瑞思所忽略的英雄自述中「動覺」的面向，事實上是接續了前階段的運動治療，並進一步闡述奧德修斯如何將身體作為修辭策略成就其敘述展演，終而達致創傷的療癒。希望最後的研究成果能促成對古希臘（運動、修辭）文化的進一步理解，以及能對當代相關於醫療人文的探索有所貢獻。

關鍵字

奧德修斯；創傷；治療；運動；身體

並列摘要

William H. Race reminds us that the hero Odysseus lands the region of Phaeacia-in his capacity (or incapacity) as a patient-with the Paeacian King Alcinous acting as a therapist for him. This paper considers it reasonable for Race to propose sport and narrative as Alcinous' therapeutic means. However, he fails to notice the two means also as heroic qualities and their cultural correlation in ancient Greece. Thus, this paper will focus attention on Odysseus' narrative therapy and point out that Race has overlooked the kinesthetic aspect of the hero's narrative, which, in fact, continues the sports therapy in the previous phase. Further still, this paper will explain how Odysseus makes rhetorical use of his body to perfect his narrative performance and ultimately heal his trauma. Hopefully, the discussion above will contribute to both the understanding of sport and rhetoric in ancient Greece and the contemporary exploration of medical humanities.

並列關鍵字

Odysseus ； trauma ； therapy ； sport ； body

參考文獻

Race, William H. “Phaeacian Therapy in Homer’s Odyssey.” Combat Trauma and the Ancient Greeks, edited by Peter Meineck and David Konstan, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137398864_3. Accessed 25 Jun. 2018.

Weiner, Jesse. “Mapping Hubris: Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle and Odysseus’ Apologoi.” International Journal of the Classical Tradition, vol. 22, no. 1, 2015, pp. 116-37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12138-014-0358-7. Accessed 29 Jan. 2015.

荷馬(Homer)：《荷馬史詩：奧德賽》，呂健忠譯，臺北：書林，2018 年。