台灣女性主義批評三波論

The Three Waves of Feminist Criticism in Taiwan

邱子修(Tzu-Hsiu Chiu)

《女學學誌：婦女與性別研究》 27期 (2010/12) Pp. 251-273

https://doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.2010.27.251

摘要

本篇論文探討在西方三波女性主義的漣漪效應下，台灣女性主義批評雖非同步或照單橫向的移植，但若以此三波中所強調的女權、女性自主意識、到超越性別認同政治的分野來論，卻也依稀可辨識出類似的演變。筆者認為國民黨接管台灣後，不但宣揚傳統父權體制的孔儒思想，並且頒佈戒嚴法，嚴禁言論出版自由，推行以北京話為國語的教育政策，因此以日文書寫的台灣文學、批評、歷史等都遭打入冷宮，以至於一般學者總以為台灣女性主義始於10年代呂秀蓮所倡導的「新女性主義」，而忽略日據時期即曾有過的婦運及女性主義批評的雛形。此外，10年代到10年代在西方盛行的第二波女性主義思潮，雖然未能在台造成氣候，但10年代還是有李元貞等創辦《婦女新知》雜誌、推動婦運並鼓吹女性自覺所掀起的第二波女性主義批評。解嚴後，隨著歸國學人陸續移植西方第二波激進的性自主和第三波多元的女性主義批評，致使台灣第三波女性主義的批評在二十世紀末即與國際接軌，並有頗為同步的發展。本文也將剖析引人爭議的第三波，並對台灣未來女性主義批評或女性研究的方向提出建議。

關鍵字

西方三波女性主義批評 ； 台灣三波女性主義批評 ； 超越認同政治 ； 跨文化視野

並列摘要

This article is aimed at exploring the development of feminist criticism in Taiwan owing to the ripple effect of the three waves of feminist criticism in the West. Although not synchronized with or exactly transplanted from the West, the evolution of Taiwan's feminist criticism from advocating women's rights movement, to promoting female autonomous consciousness, and to moving beyond dualistic sexual politics is discernable. Due to the promulgated traditional patriarchal Confucianism and Martial Law which prohibited Japanese and Taiwanese histories, literatures, and criticisms after the ROC Nationalist Party took over the island, most critics hold that Taiwanese feminism was initiated by Lu Xiulian with her New Feminism published in 1971. The embryo of women's rights movement and feminist criticism during the Japanese ruling period has been unfairly ignored. Besides, although the second wave of feminist thoughts in the West during the 60s and the 80s did not completely reach the island and transform the cultural mentalities due to the Martial Law, Li Yuanzhen and others determinedly founded a women organization and published Awakening in 1982 to disseminate female consciousness, resulting a similar second wave of feminist criticism on the island. After the Martial Law was lifted in 1987, many scholars with PhDs returned from overseas to Taiwan to teach and transplanted the used-to-be banned radical and liberal feminisms of the second wave and the new feminist theories of the third wave. Consequently, during the end of the 20th century, the development of feminist criticism in Taiwan appeared to synchronize with the tempo of global movements of feminist thoughts and criticism. In this paper, not only will some controversial issues of the third-wave feminist criticism be discussed, but some suggestions for future feminist development or gender studies will also be provided.

並列關鍵字

Three waves of feminist criticism in the West ； three waves of feminist criticism in Taiwan ； beyond identity politics ； transcultural perspective

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