運動與學術雙向結合－台灣性別研究發展之跨學門比較

本研究檢視1990年至2007年間，台灣的西方文學／文化研究、社會學及教育學等三學門主流學術期刊的性別研究論文，考察其出版數量、理論觀點、研究方法與研究主題，藉以評估性別研究在這三種學門中的主流化程度。本文提出一個包括兩組因素─學科特質與研究社群的女性主義認同─的分析架構，來解釋性別研究在三種學門不同的主流化程度與女性主義理論的影響力。本研究有兩項主要發現：第一，在此三學門中，性別研究都被視為「女性的」學術領域，處於被邊緣化、區隔化的位置；由此可見，女性主義並未成為此三學門的主流理論典範。第二，三種學門性別研究的發展步伐不一：西方文學／文化研究勇於接受新興思潮，性別研究發展最早，但2000年後卻急速萎縮；我們認為主因之一是該學門的研究社群對女性主義的認同及婦運實踐都偏低。在教育學門，雖然婦運學者推動性別平等教育的立法，但主流教育學者吸收女性主義思想的速度相對較慢，且性別研究學者亦較少在主流期刊發表研究成果，致使性別研究主流化程度顯得最低。社會學門部分，作者群的婦運實踐力最強，女性主義理論亦已成為社會學性別研究的主流範式。本文的結論是，雖然婦運與學術雙向結合是啟動與持續台灣性別研究發展之動力引擎，但這項獨特的學科特質只有在社會學門表現最亮眼。

關鍵字

婦女研究；性別研究；女性主義；婦女運動

並列摘要

This study examines the incorporation of gender and feminist scholarship into Taiwan's mainstream scholarship, with a focus on three fields: Western literature and culture studies, sociology, and education. The current work proposes an analytical framework consisting of two sets of factors to explain the level of integration of feminist scholarship into the mainstream. These factors include the distinctive features of each discipline and the researcher's identification with feminism.To assess how well feminist scholarship has been accepted and how well the field of gender studies has made its way into the academic mainstream, this study investigates the number of women's and gender studies articles published in core journals of these three fields from 1990 to 2007 and explores the theoretical perspectives, research themes, and methods of these articles. The findings indicate that gender studies is identified as a ”women's field” and has been marginalized and segregated in the mainstream academics. The number and percentage of feminist articles in core journals of the three disciplines also vary. In the field of western literature and culture studies, the number of articles peaked in the 1990s, but rapidly decreased in the new millennium. In education, both figures are the lowest, compared to the other two disciplines. Only in the sociology core journals have feminist articles taken a relatively significant position. These findings are discussed with our analytical framework. In conclusion, we suggest that the mutual engagement of social activism and academic research have been the engine driving the expansion of gender studies across all three disciplines. However, only feminist scholars in sociology have embodied a commitment to this unique facet of gender studies.