The study of contemporary scholars on the relations among meridians and collaterals, blood vessels, and vegetative nerve functions has attached to modern medical science special explanation and collaboration, especially on the theory of the twelve meridians regarding the relations of viscera and bowels and their limbs. As a result, the theories and treatment methods of the physical functions of meridians have wide application on acupuncture diagnosis and treatment. It has established unshakable position not only in traditional but also modem meridian collateral study. In addition to the viscera and bowels pattern identification, meridians and collateral diagnosis have undoubted offered wider way of thinking to the modern acupuncture. It also illustrates special characteristics in the principles, methods, and acupuncture and meridian points of Chineseacupuncture.