SCHISM及GNOME油污擴散模式應用於臺灣近岸海域油污染的預測

Forecasting of oil spills in Taiwan's coastal waters using SCHISM and GNOME

邱啓敏(Chi-Min Chiu) ； 黃清哲(Ching-Jer Huang) ； 莊士賢(Laurence Z.H. Chuang) ； 范揚洺(Yang-Ming Fan) ； 吳立中(Li-Chung Wu)

《海洋工程學刊》 18卷2期 (2018/08) Pp. 85-119

摘要

近岸海域的油污事件會對海洋生態與經濟活動造成嚴重之衝擊，若能掌握油污的發生區域與移動特徵，將能更有效地進行油污災情控制與清理工作，以減少對海洋環境的影響。本研究採用二套油污擴散模式，分別為SCHISM及GNOME，預測油污漂移軌跡與擴散範圍，評估其在臺灣四周海域的適用性。首先收集海氣象資料及X波段雷達(X-band radar)與高頻雷達(HF radar)監測的海表面海流，驗證SCHISM模式預測的海表面水位與海流的準確性；並利用SCHISM模式中的質點追蹤模式，預測油污漂移軌跡。另外，利用HYCOM模式預測出海流後，再應用GNOME模式預測油污漂移軌跡與擴散範圍。本研究以2016年3月新北市石門外海「德翔臺北」漏油事件為例，應用模式預測未來油污之漂移軌跡與擴散範圍。二套模式預測結果與環保署現場實際調查結果相符，證明上述二套油污擴散模式未來可用於臺灣海域油污擴散的預測。

關鍵字

油污 ； SCHISM ； GNOME ； X波段雷達 ； 高頻雷達 ； 風化過程 ； 漂移軌跡

並列摘要

Oil spills in the coastal waters have serious impact on marine ecosystems and economic activities. Accurate information on the temporal and spatial variations of oil spill would be helpful for mitigating the oil-spill disaster and for making the clean-up operation more effective. Accurate prediction of ocean currents in the coastal waters is crucial for an accurate forecasting of oil spill diffusion. The purpose of this study is to build up two oil spill models, namely the SCHISM and GNOME for assessing their applicability in the coastal waters around Taiwan. Firstly, to verify the SCHISM model, the predicted sea water level and sea surface current were compared with those obtained from the nearby tidal station, X-band radar and HF (High-Frequency) radar. Based on the given current and wind fields, the SCHISIM model was used to forecast the oil spill trajectories. Secondly, the GNOME model was also applied to forecast the drift trajectory and diffusion area of oil spills. The field current in GNOME is obtained from the global HYCOM model. The T.S. Taipei's oil spill event that occurred in March, 2016 was used as a case study for testing the capabilities of the SCHISM and GNOME models. The predicted drift trajectories and diffusion area of oil spills obtained from both models agree with those obtained from the field investigation provided by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Oil spill ； SCHISM ； GNOME ； X-band radar ； HF radar ； Weathering processes ； Drift trajectories